Mercantilism Essay -- essays research papers

Mercantilism is an economic theory where a nation's strength comes from building up gold supplies and expanding its trade. Britain formed the American colonies so that they could increase their gold stores. They wanted raw supplies to make into products to sell and make money. They wanted America to pay taxes so that Britain could make money. America used the theory in that they thought they ought to, in order to be strong expand their trade beyond Britain. Countries like Belgium, and France wanted to also increase their trade, and expand it to trading with America. They also wanted to increase their gold stores by trading with America. Britain however did not want America to trade with France and Belgium and the Netherlands because they wanted to increase their gold stores, so they needed a monopoly over American trade. So there was tension between Britain and its American colonies. One of the first efforts made by Britain to control the American colonies was the Acts of Trade and N avigation. What these acts did was limited American trade to basically just Britain. These Acts were in place between 1650-1660 and they were there to ensure that the mercantile system that existed stayed. It was mainly to prevent the Frenchmen and Dutch from receiving American goods. The acts limited American shipping to be via Britain. The British had to receive all American goods and them their merchants would sell the goods to other countries, but America could not. Any goods that were to be imported to the colonies had to be passed through British middlemen, where a tax was added so that Britain would profit. America was also forbidden to produce goods or grow crops for profit. If they were to do that then they would be competing with British industries. The colonies were supposed to also buy more than they sold, so that their currency was drained, but all to Britain. Before 1663, when the Acts of Trade and Navigation were not enforced the colonists benefited from Britain. The colonists of the north smuggled goods and manufactured items for profit. They avoided the British laws. The southern colonists had a guaranteed market from the British because they had a monopoly. The colonies also benefited because they had the British army troops to guard them, and they have low taxes, and the British navy shielded them. The colonists were generally more prosperous than the English... ...000 troops. The colonists by this time were no the happiest of campers and when the Quebec Act was passed the colonists had had almost enough. What this act did was to close off the Western lands, the British gave religious freedom to the Catholics, and the Massachusetts Protestants were anti-Catholic. The act also allowed the French to retain systems where there were no representative assemblies, and where there were no jury trials, as a result of this fear was installed into the colonists. Through all of this we knew that in mercantilism our strength was being depleted by Britain, so there was an action, leading to a reaction, later leading to synthesis, or another action. This continued on and on, getting more and more violent until the American Revolution broke out. America was becoming increasingly patriotic, a nationalist "country". This American Revolution that was to result was one of "national self-determination" being that we can. We think we can, an d in ourselves as a nation we can stand alone, free of Britain. We determined this by a series of occurrences that all resulted, through our mercantilist ideas and thoughts, eventually in us being America.

Half-Caste and Nothing’s Changed Essay

Following that the third and fourth build up to the short fifth and sixth three line stanza turning round the poem showing that it isn’t him that is half a person but the ones that are biased are. Both structures of the poem are quite different but both do use the structure as a climax. Both poems create different moods maybe because of the period of time. Also Nothing’s Changed is more serious. Half-Caste has both a humorous and questioning mood. ‘Ah listening to yu wid de keen half of mih ear’ makes you think that it is ridiculous and wonder they are not half a person. By saying outrageous things like that John creates a mood. In contrast Tatamkhulu isn’t humorous in ‘Nothing’s Changed’ but in a protesting manner. Half-Caste is in a Caribbean dialect which makes it a quite fast paced poem. The rhythm is relatively exhilarating. The phrase ‘Explain yuself wha yu mean’ is emphasised because of the dialect and is repeated plenty as well. John gives importance to this phrase because he is reaching out to the reader to make them understand why people judge mixed race people to be ‘half-caste’. He doesn’t believe just because they are mixed race that they are half a person and by turning it around in the last stanzas he shows how it feels to go through what he goes through. However Nothing’s Changed has nor a lively or upbeat tempo but more of a slow rhythm because then Tatamkhulu can emphasise most of the words in the poem because of the slow pace to it making the reader acknowledge every word and recognise his aim. The rhythm helps the reader value his rage in various parts of the poem such as ‘and the hot, white, inwards turning anger in my eyes’. Also the four consecutive ‘ands’ in the 2nd stanza before the phrase quoted before really give the anger its climax. Nothing’s Changed captures all the words making you reflect about every line in more depth then usual. On the contrary Half-Caste being in a Caribbean dialect is more dynamic, but in this circumstance it helps the poem. For instance ‘wid de whole of yu eye n de whole of yu ear an de whole of yu mind’ would be difficult to comprehend but reading it promptly and in a Caribbean dialect would make it comprehensible. Both poems paint pictures in your mind of images that John and Tatamkhulu create with their poetry. Nothing’s Changed give details to most of the environment in which the poet go through and come across, like when he is striding above the ‘hard stones’ and ‘amiable weeds’. As a reader you can picture Tatamkhulu looking up from the ‘grasses’ and have a image of a board saying ‘District Six’ but then disappearing like it was never there but just in his mind’s eye. In addition his hands metamorphosing from his accustomed colour to white illustrating his fury, transforming the complete atmosphere very cold. Half-Caste alternatively doesn’t produce images seen by John in real life but generating pictures of examples of features in the world that have a combination like ‘half-caste weather’ or ‘half-caste symphony’. He constructs visions of a ‘cast half-a-shadow’ of a ‘half-caste human being’. Half-Caste uses repetition for its key features, in addition to catch the reader’s attention. It is also in a Caribbean dialect. John exploits the phrase ‘Explain yuself wha yu mean’. He emphasises his point by having a none stop twenty six line stanza which clarifies all his various fusions in life which are a mixture like ‘half-caste canvas’. In contrast Nothing’s Changed uses the structure as a approach to get his key features at certain points. ‘No sign say it is but we know here we belong’ is isolated into a two line stanza. John Agard in a manner has an absolutely different way of expressing his key points. In conclusion both Half-Caste and Nothing’s Changed has very serious issues in which they write about. Both being from the party in which are being attacked. Being from different time periods makes it slightly diverse. Tatamkhulu has been influenced by his culture and background in the way that there were only non-whites and whites in that particular area. Taking that into consideration most non-whites would have despised all whites thinking all of them would be against them so the anger in his poem would explain that. Whereas John’s culture and background does have some bearing on his opinion but he in fact knows that not everyone would think of him as half a person to another human being or any other mixed race individual. Show preview only The above preview is unformatted text This student written piece of work is one of many that can be found in our GCSE John Agard: Half-Caste section.

Social Responsibility - 1604 Words

Classical Theories of Morality and Application In this paper we will review the three classical theories of mortality and interpret what the meaning, as well as make connections to my own culture. The purpose of this paper is to review theoretical perspectives and assess how they impact ones culture. Nicomachean Ethics In Aristotle’s theory of morality, Nicomachean Ethics, he surmises that all human activities aim at some end or good. There are three types of good, sensual (pleasure), political (noble virtues for citizens), of life of thought (contemplation) (Arthur Scalet, 2009, p. 51). He states â€Å"every scientific inquiry, and similarly every action and purpose may be said to aim at some good†. What he is saying is that†¦show more content†¦As a nurse, I do believe we need to treat each other as rational beings; I look at this as to treat each other as you would wish to be treated. In healthcare we discuss this often, for example, how would you (or a family member) like to be treated when coming to the Emergency Department. We need to be caring, compassionate, and non-judgmental. It appears Kant says people only do things for the sake of duty derived from moral worth, not from the purpose to be attained by it. Although, in my nursing career, I do treat people wit h respect out of a moral duty, in my personal life it is more challenging to find examples of pure moral actions. Most actions we see are based on an interest or motivation other than pure morality. Utilitarianism In John Stuart Mill’s theory of Utilitarianism, he states, â€Å"the creed which accepts as the foundation of morals utility or the greatest happiness principle holds that actions are right in proportion as they tend to promote happiness, wrong as they tend to produce the reverse of happiness† (Arthur Scalet, 2009, p. 66). He speaks of the power of sacrificing the greatest good for the good of others. What this infers is the idea of maximizing utility and producing the greatest good once all things are considered. He says you consider all involved and any action is okay as long as its benefits outweigh the cost. I believe this to be a weakness of the theory because it is possible to doShow MoreRelatedSocial Responsibilities And Social Responsibility1490 Words   |  6 PagesThe ever-growing social demands and the intense competitions between individuals continuously change education institutions’ behavior. This perspective comes from the socio-economic envi ronment. Under this circumstance, more attention has been paid to Social Responsibility (SR) that all organizations need to take for the interests and welfare of the society (Vasilescu et al., 2010). When it comes to Higher Education Institutions (HEI), SR becomes the obligation of universities via responsible actionsRead MoreSocial Responsibility And Corporate Responsibility872 Words   |  4 PagesI. INTRODUCTION The concept of social responsibility likely has its roots in the Puritans and Quakers teachings of the 16th and 17th centuries. Puritans characterized humanity negatively, believing humankind to be hopelessly sinful. Quakers held a positive view, believing that of there is God (good) inside everyone. According to Heald [1970], corporate managements began to demonstrate social responsibility by considering community welfare as a whole in their goals to maximize profits and shareholdersRead MoreThe Importance Of Social Responsibility903 Words   |  4 PagesThe Importance of Social Responsibility in Business Social responsibility can be described as the positive influence a business has on the surrounding community. When a company is socially responsible, it means that instead of the main concern being solely on current or future profits; it should focus on creating a positive impact in the society in which it operates. A company’s attitude towards social responsibility can also have a great impact on whether they will thrive as a business or be unsuccessfulRead MoreThe Social Responsibility Of Corporations Essay806 Words   |  4 Pagesimportance of social responsibility within corporations. This paper also explores â€Å"The Social Responsibility of Business is to Increase its Profits† by Milton Friedman and his stance on social responsibility. Friedman believed that corporations should not waste money on new initiatives if it was just to appease the public, especially if it went above what laws required. Examples are shown how corporations must listen to the customer or it could hurt the profitability of the corporation, with social mediaRead MoreSocial Responsibility2193 Words   |  9 Pagesâ€Å"The social responsibility can be defined as the obligation of the organization to act in ways that serve both its own interests (making a profit) and the interests of its stakeholder.† (Sandy Millar, Christopher Theunissen, 2008, P69) Socially responsible organization takes action to ensure that their activities do not affect any of the stakeholders in a negative way. The McDonald’s is the leading global foodservice retailer with more than 30,000 local restaurants serving 52 million people in moreRead MoreThe Social Responsibility Of Business1463 Words   |  6 PagesIn his paper titled The Social Responsibility of Business is to Increase Its Profits†, Milton Friedman addresses the key issue of weighing social responsibility against profit maximization for shareholders. This conflict is the basis for Friedman’s whole paper , as he explores the two sides of the situation. In order to set up his argument, Friedman lays down a framework by explicitly stating a certain premise. This is that businessman view â€Å"social responsibility† and profit as not being mutuallyRead MoreCorporate Social And Social Responsibility1383 Words   |  6 PagesAs the interest in corporate social responsibility has had the ability to keep increasing and developing and the force that is gain by movement, scholars and practitioners have put effort to follow the progress, development and information of companies’ performance to accomplish their corporate social responsibilities, characteristically to use a particular name corporate social performance (CSP) to describe it. Such corporate social performance shows people and stakeholders things that importantRead MoreCorporate Social Responsibility : Corporate Responsibility773 Words   |  4 PagesCorporate social responsibility may also be referred to as corpora te citizenship and can involve spending finances that do not directly benefit the company but rather advocate positive social and environmental change. The soul in the next economy forum presentation made it evident that achieving corporate social responsibly in a company can reap major benefits in terms of finances, more inspiring workplace and customer satisfaction. In the past, companies mistakenly thought that corporate social responsibilityRead MoreCorporate Social Responsibility : Ethical Responsibility1529 Words   |  7 PagesCorporate Social Responsibility: Should we, or should we not. Corporate Social Responsibility (C.S.R.) is a theory practiced in the business sphere since fifty years. It refers to the duty of business organizations to adopt certain activities that will benefit the society in some way. Charity, health-awareness campaigns are few examples that a business undertakes to fulfil its objectives of C.S.R. According to this ideal, it is important for various corporations today to undertake such social activitiesRead MoreWhat is Social Responsibility?931 Words   |  4 Pages Social responsibility is an ethical ideology or theory by an organization or individual, has an obligation to act to benefit society at large. Social responsibility is a duty every individual or organization has to perform so as to maintain a balance between the economy and the ecosystem. A trade-off always exists between economic development, in the material sense, and the welfare of the society and environment. Social responsibility means sustaining the equilibrium between the two. It pertains

Case Study Employee Owned Company - 1535 Words

Employee Owned Company TEOCO is a company owned by its employees since it was started in 1994. The firm main focus during its initial days was provision of high quality related consultancy for IT related projects. After doing business for sometimes, the company management decided to shift its business from consultancy services to development of products that focused on the world fasted growing telecommunication sector. As a result, of this strategic decision it achieved rapid growth, enabling it to be strategically placed in the niche market that has been mainly focused on.This paper seeks to provide an analysis of TEOCO’S business environment as well as strategy over the years. External Forces and Industry Conditions Impacting on the†¦show more content†¦Secondly, increased competition from large corporations also has been a major influencing external force within the telecom industry that has impacted heavily on the performance of the company. The competitor has largely affected the company business strategies and decision forcing the firm’s CEO to change some decisions concerning external financiers with an intention of remaining competitive in an ever changing business environment. Additionally, the changing industry conditions, particularly in the line of products and increased players in the industry impacted on the company’s business strategy; whereby it was forced to think about going beyond its niche market and expanding its operations in the global market. This means that the company had to accept financing from TA a venture capitalist in order to undertake the expansion process and at the same time to invest heavily in its c urrent infrastructure to gain competitive advantage. Lastly, the company performance was impacted by its decision to acquire TTI as it enabled it to enter into the global market with ease as this company had already been established in the global market. Internal Organization and Culture at TEOCO The company internal culture has been in the key to its success over

Women and the Draft Essay - 814 Words

Women and the Draft Men have always been looked upon as the leading sex. Looking back through history women have been the ones who take care of the home and children, while men are the ones who work and go to war. However in recent years there’s no doubt that women have become much more equal in the work force. Nevertheless men are still the ones who are forced to fight our wars when the time calls for it. Many think that women should be entirely equal to men having their choice to be drafted taken away but the fact is that they are physically at a disadvantage, too emotionally oriented, and the increase of female presence would have a more negative impact in the military in the way of social interactions. In the military physical†¦show more content†¦Without a choice women cannot excel to be above average and exceed their natural capabilities. Another thing that should prevent women to be in the draft is emotion. Women are complex beings with many chemical emotions causing them to re act differently than men. Women’s brains perceive things in a more maternal way there for they consider circumstances differently. If a situation was complicated and needed an immediate reaction a woman might not be the right person to make an instant and thought out decision. She might reflect on it in a way that didn’t conjure what the troop needed at the moment. Women that are forced to be in war can easily get overwhelmed. Men can come through due to instinct after hundreds of years of being the ones who take care of the physical and difficult tasks at hand but women might not be as likely to react logically and can be easily inundated by the stress. Having maternal instinct rather than survival technique can be a vast disadvantage in combat causing emotion to be a handicap. An additional item that can cause a shortcoming in the military is social interaction with women and men. In our society today women are progressively moving up the ladder in all aspects of our country and this is a recent change. Most are used to seeing women be the ‘stay at home mom’ and men being the ones who workShow MoreRelatedWomen During Combat - Rough Draft1609 Words   |  7 Pages Women in Combat – Rough Draft January 24, 2013 Secretary of Defense Leon Panetta lifted the ban on women serving in combat. For years women have served with honor and distinction. When faced with combat and in an insurgency type of modern warfare, any soldier can potentially see combat. Realistically, there is a difference between experiencing combat on a convoy and going out day after day on combat patrols to perform search and destroy missions. Having served as a Marine Infantryman in AfghanistanRead MoreA Brief Draft On Advocate For Abused Women And Children1268 Words   |  6 PagesFinal draft on Advocate for Abused Women and Children Advocate for women and children believes that providing food and shelter for displace women and children of abused home is not good enough. The organization in addition to food and shelter will help educate the community on the effect of domestic violence on children. Everyone knows that violence at home affects every member of the family. That is why the organization will provide large range of service which includes groupRead MoreThe United States Selective Service System Essay1740 Words   |  7 Pagesof Inequality The United States Selective Service System, or the â€Å"draft† as it is more commonly known, is a deeply flawed institution. While there are many components with which I take issue, the one I chose to contend with in my creative project is its exclusion of women. Though women have recently gained the right to serve in all combat positions in the United States military, we are still not expected to register with the draft as all men in America must do when they turn eighteen. This systemRead MoreWar I : War Never Changes993 Words   |  4 Pagesreinstating the draft) â€Å"War is delightful to those that have no experience of it.† A quote by Desiderius Erasmus, a Dutch humanist and social critic, shows tells that war isn’t always as epic and awesome that most Americans make it out to be. Reinstating the draft might sound like a great way to impose our power on the world furthering the American agenda, as well as enforcing the American ideal of extreme pride in nationalism. The problem is however, that most Americans that want the draft reinstatedRead MoreU.s. Military Draft History1449 Words   |  6 PagesThe draft started on April 16, 1862 for the Confederate States during the Civil War. The Union then conducted their own draft on March 3, 1863. The Northern 1862 draft was an attempt to let states handle their own conscriptions, instead of the old volunteer militia. The next draft took place on September 16, 1940 for World War I and remained in effect continuously until 1973. The president, Woodrow Wilson, decided that â€Å"A draft was needed and nearly 3,000,000 soldiers were drafted following the ServiceRead More The Military Draft: An Unwise Solution Essay1357 Words   |  6 PagesThe Military Draft: An Unwise Solution   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The United States of Americas military is currently involved in two major wars with U.S. opposition in Afghanistan and Iraq. All though both of these efforts can be said to be in the clean-up stages, many more soldiers will be needed to stabilize the regions, to provide police work, and to fight the insurgencies that have risen in opposition to the invasion of U.S. troops into foreign lands. The current presidential administration states that to adequatelyRead MoreMandatory Conscription In The Military895 Words   |  4 Pagesbenefits. If they did, they might change their opinion on the draft and conscription as a requirement. There are many skills and benefits to be gained from enlisting in the army that can help an individual prosper in life. 3. Thesis Statement: 1. Mandatory conscription does not prevent American citizens from attaining their educational and occupational goals. 4. Preview of Main Points: 1. First, I will discuss American opinions on the draft. 2. Next, I will discuss the GI Bill and some recent declinesRead MoreThe soldier is the Army. No army is better than its soldiers. The Soldier is also a citizen. In1100 Words   |  5 Pagesmen and women; to volunteer in the worlds greatest military; and put their lives on the line for something that they believe is a moral obligation. But, think of some other countries, that have conscription (the practice of ordering people by law to serve in the armed forces) laws. We as a nation have some laws on conscription, and if you are male and above the age of 18 you have already signed the slip of paper stating that in the time of war; if our great nation re-instated the draft then thereRead MoreMandatory Military Conscription and Its Effect on Society Essay1213 Words   |  5 Pagesthe war in the Middle East can be considered a controversial topic. The men and women in Iraq and Afghanistan put their lives on the line every day to help keep our country free. No one has forced them to serve in the United States Armed Forces they have made their own conscience decision to serve. However these men and women only make up a small percentage of the United States population. Should all men and women be required to serve in the U.S. armed forces when they graduate from high schoolRead MoreEssay On The Equality For All Act1186 Words   |  5 Pagesmilitary draft. Nevertheless, women not having to register in the military draft does not violate the Equal Protection Clause of the 5th Amendment. Women cannot serve in the military in a combat capacity. To put it differently, in the military eyes women are not the same as men. Former President Jimmy Carter, tried to pass a bill including women in the military draft. For this reason, Congress passed the Military Selective Service Act (MSSA), which impeded the President from requiring women register

Truth, Honesty, and Integrity Free Essays

Truth, Honesty, and Integrity By: Alexis Woodward Some of the basic fundamentals for creating a meaningful life are those of truth, honesty, and integrity. In order to maintain a quality of purpose in life we need to base our actions of the things we know are right and avoid doing any of those that are wrong. Truth allows for us to be relaxed in our lives creating a more security and less anxiety. We will write a custom essay sample on Truth, Honesty, and Integrity or any similar topic only for you Order Now If you do not need to worry about what you told each person you do not need to constantly being thinking about what response you need to appropriately give. In order to for us to have a true sense of self you have to be as honest with admitting the truth to yourself as well as to others. Integrity is telling the truth to oneself in the purest form possible. Honesty is how much of the truth you allow yourself as well your truth to other people. The truth is what cannot be swayed. Without others being truthful we would not be able to efficiently cohabitate together. Without integrity we would never be able to appreciate ourselves for our qualities and effectively work to fix our flaws. Honesty and integrity are of the higher forms of our value system. We all seek for the truth both within who we really are as well as in others. True honesty is not just telling the truth but feeling the truth. If you say one thing but feel another you are not being honest with your integrity. Feel better about your accomplishments when you can know what you truly accomplished. We prosper in our development as individuals through truth. Honesty creates a natural peace in the heart. Honesty and integrity when involved with our values generate power and success. Life benefits from being honest with others and ourselves. When I went through recovery the number one thing that was necessary was integrity of being able to be honest with myself and with others. To accept things for what they really are and stop trying to hide from the pain and learn to face and concur it. This allowed for me to make the appropriate changes in my life that were necessary for the success in my future. Although truth contains mostly positive results, there can also be negative side effect to being honest. Things like rejection, isolation, hostility, jealousy, animosity and hurt feelings can also stem from too much honesty. Whether something is true or not is irrelevant to whether it is something that should be brought to the light of attention. People tend to avoid hurtful truths so they do not need to face not so desirable aspects of life. However, if you allow the truth through honesty and integrity, it will all link back to positive repercussions. You will find that people will hold you with a great deal of respect, more peace of mind, strong self-belief, and what I find to be the most important aspect of all, strong relationships with others. How to cite Truth, Honesty, and Integrity, Essay examples

Chattel Slavery as a Institution free essay sample

I am driven to research this topic because it means something to us as a people, something that is worth knowing, and something that is worth remembering. It will bring the bond with our ancestral ties stronger than ever before. Knowledge is power and knowing our past will make us linked to one another. This is a step to unity to us in the Caribbean. There are arguments against this view and blatant disregard for the obvious changes in the world have been made. There are some with the beliefs of White supremacy but all this adds in the mix of different beliefs in the Caribbean.Never before in history have an entire society and race of people have been affected in such a large scale. Nonetheless, one can give thanks to our European forefathers, if those events did not occur, the Caribbean could not be the community as we knew it today. Chattel slavery not only brought commerce to its geographically unique location but it also resulted in a rich and colorful world, complete with its own mix of cultures, music, art and belief systems. Chapter 1: Origin of Chattel Slavery in the Caribbean The term chattel is defined as an article of tangible, personal property.One an therefore see the underlying effect of the choice of words in comparison to how the Europeans viewed the black race. They viewed the African race as a sub-species, annalistic and inhumane. This was because of their color and their religion and way of life. One must remember the Europeans believed that their religion was the only one and true way so that means their way of life was viewed as pagan. Eric Williams however stated that Slavery was not born of racism: rather, racism was the consequence Of slavery.Unfreeze labor in the New World was brown, white, black and yellow; Catholic, Protestant ND Pagan (7) It is his opinion that racism was not a beneficial factor in the creation of the institution of Slavery but in my further studies, race did in fact play an important role in the enslavement of the African people. Also, one can see from Williams deduction that religion also played a role, it was categorized according to what race you were. The labor force however comprised of the Micronesian inhabitants of the Caribbean, White indentured servants from Europe and Africans.White indentured servants were whites who worked in the Caribbean. There is a notable difference in heir title in that, they were called servants instead of slaves. Again, white supremacy reigned in the society at that time. There was an economic need for cheap labor, hence Africans were in high abundance and it was quite cheap to acquire them and ship them across through the Atlantic to the New World. They were also a form of human capital, being property; a value was put over their head. The money which procured a white mans services for ten years could buy a Negro for life.The economic superiority of free hired labor over slave is obvious even to the slave owner. Slave labor is given reluctantly, t is unskillful, and it lacks versatility. Not so much that the Europeans were the only ones playing apart in enslaving the Africans, but it was also African sons and brothers who helped to facilitate this. There were the men who were paid to acquire the required persons for shipment. They were known as middlemen, so one can see, whereas one African might think he was one of his own, they came to enslave and doom their own.In return for capturing the Africans, the Europeans provided those sub-par weapons and tools, not worth the total price but to the foolish middlemen, they were of the best quality. In essence, Greed was a major player in this. Eric Williams stated in his work that Here, then is the origin of Negro slavery. The reason was economic, not racial; It has to do not with the color of the laborer, but the cheapness of labor. As compared with Indian and white labor, Negro slavery was eminently superior. (19) From his perspective, an economic one, his deductions has all the truth attached to it.Negro slavery is indeed superior to all other races of slavery but from another view, the Europeans did have pre- existing prejudice towards the Negroes people, their hate and prejudice awards them was just amplified when encountered the Negroes. This view have even been backed by Hilary Buckles and Verne Shepherd when they stated This was a unique form of domination in which one group was defined and used another group as property; in which people were targeted for slavery because of their race; they were described as sub-human, and they were bonded to each other for life. Chattel slavery brought economic power to the Caribbean and the lives of the Negroes people has been scarred ever since the advent of African Slavery. Chattel slavery brought much more than a few million people, a whole new ace to our shores. Hilary Buckles and Verne Shepherd expressed the enslaved people survived and they protected their humanity and identity; and over time they redefined themselves as a new, vibrant cultural force. (137) Chapter Two : Culture, Art, Music Religion The voyage across the Atlantic Ocean was a perilous one.Tribes from all over West Africa such as the Manned and the Mandating congregated and stacked like sardines in one deck. They were separated from the rest of civilization and their family. Often, they could not speak to one another, whether it is by difference in language or values. Never the less, the African people adapted and they banded together, took on cultural customs and traditions that strengthened their ethnic identity. They developed attitudes and practices that shaped the Caribbean civilization as we know it today. The main idea to understand is that they were scattered.No one African was acquainted with another upon arrival, meaning they were of different tribes, different backgrounds, cultural beliefs and language. They may have had knowledge of these people before but for the first time in their life, this is where they got to be acquainted with each other. There, they shared views, beliefs, customs and their languages. For some, it was the first time they had encountered the Europeans. Rather, Some had previous knowledge Of the Europeans through trade, migration and war. As a result of this, some may have had knowledge of Christianity and European languages even before arrival in the Caribbean.This cultural reshaping that Africans and Europeans experienced is called creationism. Thus, those combined with the culture of Africans and Europeans, born into the Caribbean became known as Creoles. They procured rites and rituals that exist even to this day. Simple events hat we know of today are because of the forerunners, our ancestors. They observed and preserved the rites and rituals that were a part of life in Africa. The coming together of these African and Post-African ideas came together to create an Afro-Caribbean community as we know it today.Rituals such as lighting up the grave, an event that we are fond of at the end of October were part of African culture. It was a part of paying respects to our ancestor and warding our own selves from harmful spirits. Similar to this are funeral procedural. The Africans believed that death was just the start of a journey o pass over from toil to reward and in their case at the time, a life of slavery to an eternity of freedom. Buckles and Shepherd stated in their book that the power of ancestors was central to African-Caribbean culture. To know ancestors was to know ones cultural identity. (140) They procured dances and music as rituals that again pay respects to their ancestors and celebration of them. It was an intense ritual in which it was said the person was possessed in order to feel the waves and moves of the dance. This was their way of attributing their ancestors, to demonstrate that in the Caribbean Africans had their own recognized ancestral culture that was still important to them. Events on holidays and labor free days were a time of friendship and kinship. It was a time of sharing with their enslaved brothers in times of despair.They often danced on evenings (which became a part of the African-Caribbean culture). They even formed festivals where they danced and celebrated, one notable festival is the Crop-Over festival in Barbados, one that is still happening even today. They had even more established festivals and rituals where they danced such as the Combat festival, John Canoe once and the Kumara dance. There are even more dances each that are identifiable to each different colony in the Caribbean. They incorporated their religion from Africa in the West Indies.They brought their spirit based religions such as obey or voodoo and meal. It was the belief of the people that it was possible for the living to use ancestral spirits to determine the future and to shape the nature of social events. The meal and obey religion was a high prolific aspect in the community. It was used for removing curses, cures for illnesses, bless children and curious insights. Incorporation with European beliefs and African gave birth to what we know as the Baptist Faith today. This aspect of religion is still up today and continues to make its mark on the community. Its not going aunt. Here time soon, even now; most grand-parents and parents believe and attend Baptist churches across the nations of the Caribbean. Notably however, West Indian Cricket became an important aspect in their communities. Cricket was invented by the English and thus it founds it way into the Caribbean during a period of war between Britain and France. The Africans observed it and began to practice it. Cricket quickly became incorporated in their communities as entertainment away from the hard days of field work. In conclusion of this chapter, the Africans brought a host of their art, religions, beliefs and cultures.They mixed and nurtured the combination of cultures that clashed in the Caribbean. They formed it to be their own and formed a new way of life. The cultural rites and rituals that exist today, that pay respect to their Ancestors while carving a path to the future, the dances that provided entertainment that procured kiwi unships and friendship among the communities and the wider area the colonies, the art and music that is unique to the Caribbean, the only place in the world, forms a cultural boom that wavelengths across the Caribbean and make what makes the Caribbean our home.