Case study of Law Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words

Case study of Law - Essay Example d part of the contract, this is so because if it is a term of a contract there would be possibility of a claim of damages and right to terminate the agreement. If on the contrary, there appears the fact there was a representation and not a term then there would not be any breach of contract. In respect of the facts at hand it can be seen that Winston had clearly expressed that he wanted the van for a specific purpose and in addition provided the specifications in that respect therefore the possibility of the statement not being terms is excluded. However, an analysis of express and implied terms needs to be made so as to evaluate the position. It is also to important to ascertain the intention of the parties as provided for in the decision of the House of Lords in Heilbut, Symons & Co. v. Buckleton1. The intention as provided for by Lord Moulton is objective and not subjective and so the words and conduct of the parties have to be taken into account, as discussed by Lord Denning in Oscar Chess Ltd. v. Williams2 wherein he said that ‘ if an intelligent bystander would reasonably infer that a warranty was intended that will suffice’. The criteria laid down in Heilbut was that of the important of the statement; reliance by one party upon the other makes the statement a term; and relative knowledge of the parties, and so if one party is more knowledge about the matter than the other this would be an indication of the statement being a term of the contract. In respect of implied terms the Act that is considered to be important is the Sale of Goods Act 1979 and in accordance with the fact s.14(2A) of the aforementioned act stated that the court implies satisfactory quality goods. It is important to emphasize on the point that the court are generally reluctant to impose terms into a contract. The situations where the courts have implied terms into a contract are where an established trade usage is found; the relationship between the parties; to give effect to an

Process Design Matrix Design and Summary Essay Example for Free

Process Design Matrix Design and Summary Essay Prepaid food service and automobile are being selected for a service and a product for identifying suitable process design approaches. For managing effective services and delivering on-site service, there are three approaches: product line approach, self-service approach, and the personal attention approach (Larson Gray, 2006). Product Line Approach: The focus of the product line approach is on the efficient production of products and services. In this approach, the company controls the execution of each phase in order to ensure quick delivery and high-quality mix of prepaid foods in a clean environment (Chase, et al. 2006). To ensure effective delivery of high quality prepaid food services, this approach will be most beneficial to the company. Self-service Approach: by involving customers in the production of services, the efficiency of service process can be enhanced (Larson Gray, 2006). This approach will benefit the food company by offering high-quality products to the customers and reducing time of service delivery (Chase, et al. 2006). The Personal Attention Approach: this approach emphasizes developing a relationship between the sales force and customers, ensuring effective customer services. Using this approach will help the company in developing strong relationship and building customer loyalty. Similarly, for managing the production of products, there are different types of design processes including job shop, batch production, assembly line and continuous flow. Job Shop Process: in this process, task completion is handled by a single worker or a group of workers. There can be a wide range of products and services such as shipbuilding, bridge construction, hairdresser and tailor involving use of low technology to high technology can use the job shop process approach (Sowell, 2006). Batch Production: in this approach, a process is divided into parts and before going to the next operation, and a particular part is performed on the complete batch. This approach is suitable for cases when small to moderate volumes of various products must be made. The batch production approach will not be suitable for automobile production. Assembly Line: This approach is believed to be the most suitable for automobile production. To effectively manufacture an automobile, the material flows along a moving assembly line and passes through different work stations at which operations are performed (Verweire Berghe, 2004). To make the work flow smoothly, equal time is allotted to complete the operations at each station. References Chase, R. B. et. al. (2006). Operations Management for Competitive Advantage. USA: McGraw-Hill International. Larson, E. W. Gray, C. F. (2006). Project Management: The Managerial Process. USA: McGraw- Hill International. Sowell, T. J. (2006). Strategic Manufacturing Management. USA: Xlibris Corporation. Verweire, K. Berghe, L. V. D. (2004). Integrated Performance Management: A Guide to Strategy Implementation. USA: SAGE.

Development plan Essay example -- Leadership, Personal Experience, Coa

Introduction â€Å"To look forward with acuity you must first look back with honesty.† This quote from Warren Bennis is one of the greatest philosophies by which I attempt to lead. Good leaders understand that this ability to reflect honesty on the past is critical to success in the future. In order to lead and coach a team from a position of resonance leaders must engage in a continuous journey of self-discovery. In gaining a deep understanding of themselves they are more readily able to coach and develop their teams. The process of self-discovery requires that leaders be willing to learn and adapt to both strengths and opportunities in their leadership styles. This singular skill is central to the success of any leader. In fact, it is likely the most important skill leaders need to incorporate in order to become truly remarkable. (Eikenberry, 2007, pp. 21) Over the past nine weeks I have embarked on another process of self-discovery. I have had the pleasure of speaking to a le adership coach on multiple occasions. I was able to seek insight from trusted stakeholders regarding the way I lead and coached constituents. I was even given the opportunity to provide coaching to a fellow learner. These various experience have allowed me to again take inventory of my abilities as a coach and access any relevant gaps in the way I am currently coaching in comparison with the coach I aspire to become. The following will explore the necessity of developing others, the value of coaching from a strength-based approach, the importance of good communication skills, and action items for my continued improvement as a leader/coach. Developing Others â€Å"The goal is to begin building leaders to take your place someday-to build leaders wh... ...ery. I have learned things about the way I coach that have allowed for a great deal of insight. I was glad that I scored the way I did on the Coaching Process Questionnaire, I was upset with myself because I did not feel as if I adequately prepared for my coach a fellow learner session, and I was surprised at the length by which a fellow coach will go to get through to his client. Ultimately I am pleased that I was able to gain the insight that I have and I will continue to progress towards the coaching style that I aspire. In doing so I will continue to build capacity in individuals in order to ensure the readiness of the next generation of leaders. I will coach clients based a strength-based approach in order to engender a more profound sense of purpose and direction. I will do this by asking the â€Å"right† questions and listening actively to my clients.

Critique of Story Haircut :: essays research papers

Reading through the whole story "Haircut" , it is not easy to believe that the death of Jim Kendall is really accidental. It is most likely that the incident is a murder. Jim Kendall is not a man who is loved by people in that small town, although some people find his jokes funny as long as they are not on them. There are many examples of those on whom Jim always makes annoying jokes such as Milt who "has got an Adams apple that looks more like a mushmelon" Julie Gregg and especially Paul Dickson who fell out of a tree when he was about ten years old : "Lit on his head and it done something to him and he ain’t never been right. No harm in him, but just silly." Paul is the most important one among them because of two reasons: He is not as clever and reasonable as the others and he is the one who was killed Jim Kendall. Of course these do not prove that the killing of Jim is on purpose. However there are some more reasons that can cause Paul kill Jim on purpose. As we understood from what is told, Paul is fall in love with Julie although she just feels pity on him : "The poor boy was crazy about Julie and she always treated him mighty nice and made him feel like he was welcome, though of course it wasn’t nothing but pity on her side" But according to Paul, Jim never treated her right. He faked her by mimicking Doc. Stair when Doc. Stair was away and made her come to doctor’s office. By the way he and some of his friends hid near the office and laugh at her when she realized the trick. They made fun of her till she got home. Later, when Paul learned this he told the whole story to Doc. Stair. He replied Paul that he would make Jim suffer some how : "It’s a chinch Doc went up in the air and swore he’d make Jim suffer" These words from Doc. Stair may well encourage such a person like Paul about punishing Jim Kendall in his own way. We do not know exactly how old Paul is but it can be assumed that he is not very old, he may be a teenager. In his ages insults are much more damaging than knifes.

How to Fix Social Security Number Essay

The social security numbers (SSN) are used to identify participants in the federal government’s social security program, which uses public funds to provide retirement and disability benefits for those who those who are currently eligible, same benefits goes to the worker himself and his family. It is the Social Security Agency (SSA) that provides the social security number (www. standord. edu). The social security number is unique to every individual holder; this is why the government and other agencies used it primarily for identification and administrative purposes. Thus, it can be used for several transactions in the bank, in school or in the company where you work. However, it can be very vulnerable for identity theft. When such instances occur, several steps should be undertaken. If someone knew your number, he can acquire personal information’s about you and used your name either for work purposes or to get credit. File a complaint to the Federal Trade Commission through internet (www. consumer. gov/idtheft) or telephone (1-877-IDTHEFT [1-877-438-4338]). You can also check your social security statement to determine if there are errors in your earnings account. If someone uses your SSN for credit, contact the creditor who approved the credit then file a police report. Call or e-mail fraud department of any of the following credit agencies: Equifax, www. equifax. com; Experian, www. experian. com and TransUnion, www. transunion. com, to help fix your credit records (www. ssa. gov). You can ask them to place a flag on your records that requires the creditors to contact you before approving credits under your name and number, indicate how long your account will be flag and request for a statement on your credit report, however be sure to put your name and contact information for them to call you (www. pueblo. gsa. gov). Another option is to get a new SSN, however it is not guaranteed that it will solved the problem, and you can also contact the Security System for more of your inquiries (www. socialsecurity. gov). References Bechtel International Center. 2006, April 18. Social Security Number. Retrieved April 18, 2008 from, http://www. stanford. edu/dept/icenter/new/orientation/SOCIAL_SECURITY_NUMBER. htm Social Security Online. 2007. Identity Theft And Your Social Security Number. Retrieved April 18, 2008 from, http://www. pueblo. gsa. gov/cic_text/money/idtheftssn/yourssn. html Social Security Online. 2008, January 14. When Someone Else Uses Your Social Security Number. Retrieved April 18, 2008 from, http://www. ssa. gov/oig/hotline/when. htm

Chadwick Inc Essay Essays

Chadwick Inc Essay Essays Chadwick Inc Essay Essay Chadwick Inc Essay Essay The concern schemes that are included in the balanced scorecard for Norwalk Division are: maximizing return on all development disbursement. fulfilling client demands. and the development of employee accomplishments. The scheme that is non embraced in the balanced scorecard is the 1 in respect to driving direction duty to the lowest degree. This scheme was non included because there needs to be a balance in duty through the administration. Employee marks and inducements are closely linked to the public presentation of the division ; more duty given to staff at lower degrees could increase the possibility of directors puting schemes for their ain benefit and division. This could take to disagreements between organizational ends and the ends set by direction for a specific division. New steps that need to be developed and included in the balanced scorecard are return on research capital. merchandise profitableness. merchandise development clip. figure of merchandises under development. and figure of employees take parting in preparation plans. The steps developed demand to be straight related to the aim and have the ability to supply feedback for that peculiar country. ( B ) A Balanced Scorecard developed for the administration will differ to one that is specifically developed for a certain division in an administration. The aims of an administration as a whole are marginally different to the aims that are set for a division or section. Organisational aims which are statements that articulate what the administration hopes to carry through will include all of the aims across the different divisions of the company ; where as divisional aims are aimed explicitly at that division. This may ensue in different steps used in the scorecards to measure public presentation associating to the specific aim. For illustration. Chadwick Inc. operates in many concerns including personal consumer merchandises and pharmaceuticals. The administrations overall aim is to bring forth high quality merchandises and acquire them to the market faster at lower costs. For its portion. the Norwalk Pharmaceutical Divisions aim is to increase the output of new merchandises and to cut down the clip and costs of the merchandise development rhythm. This divisional nonsubjective becomes a portion of the company’s current aims and is the aim that is focused on when developing the divisional scorecard. The divisional balanced scorecard was decided by the president of Chadwick Inc. to be developed in a manner ‘that was right for the division’ . This decentralized decision-making and authorization attack may make struggle between divisional scorecards and those of the corporation. This attack to developing a divisional scorecard may give rise to negative effects. Directors may concentrate excessively narrowly on their ain units public presentation and schemes instead than achieving the overall administrations ends. It could besides take to incompatibilities at the organizational degree. The advantages of decentralization outweigh its restrictions and should be adopted in the administration. However. to get the better of the struggle of disagreement between organizational and divisional scorecards. top direction demands to let for decentralization merely to a certain extent and guarantee that each division is being aware and taking into consideration the overall organizational aim. ( degree Celsius ) The concern scheme of a company or division is used to exemplify how all the single activities are coordinated to accomplish a coveted consequence. Developing a scheme is critical as it is used to put the overall way of the concern. The concern scheme for Norwalk was developed by one person and within a few proceedingss. For optimum consequences and clear way. a scheme should be developed over a longer clip period and the balanced scorecard should non be created until all the participants involved have a clear apprehension and vision of the concern. From the beginning of the undertaking it could be said Greenfield was non committed to the development of the balanced scorecard for the Norwalk division. He did non believe how dedicated Chadwick Inc. was to the construct. Any Balanced Scorecard undertaking will neglect if it is seen as merely another â€Å"management fad† . It needs sponsorship through active communicating – communicating that explains why the administration needs the Balanced Scorecard and how it will profit both the division and persons. During the procedure there was besides a deficiency of committedness from all the members. it took them several hebdomads before meeting and focussing on the undertaking. The clip spent developing a balanced scorecard is of import. if it is rushed it could take to negative effects when it is implemented. The divisions of Chadwick were advised that merely difficult informations ( fiscal information ) is to be used in the balanced scorecard. Financial information entirely merely provides short-run schemes ; non-financial informations offers a closer nexus to long-run organizational schemes. Therefore by embracing merely fiscal informations the balanced scorecard will supply merely a short-run step to measure the division’s public presentation.

Dimitri Mendeleev essays

Dimitri Mendeleev essays Derived by Dimitri Mendeleev, the periodic table may be one of the most informational tables contained in chemistry. By leaving gaps in the columns and rows, Mendeleev was allowing for the discovery of undiscovered elements of that time. From the properties of the elements surrounding these gaps, Mendeleev was able to predict the properties of these undiscovered elements. Finally, when other scientists discovered the tools of the periodic table, Mendeleev's achievements were recognized. Mendeleev was a versatile genius who was interested in many various fields of study, including pure and applied science. Dimitri Ivanovich Mendeleev. (1834-1907) , Dimitri Ivanovich Mendeleev was Russian chemist, known for his development of the periodic table of elements. This is a table created to arrange the elements by their atomic number. Mendeleev was born in Tobolsk, Siberia. He studied chemistry at the University of Saint Petersburg, until 1859 when he was sent to learn at the University of Heidelberg. Where he became aquatinted with the Italian chemist Stanislao Cannizzaro, whose views on atomic weight changed his thinking. Mendeleev came back to Saint Petersburg and became a professor of chemistry at the Tech. Institute in 1863. He became professor of general chemistry at the University of Saint Petersburg in 1866. Mendeleev was a renowned teacher, and, because no good textbook in chemistry was available, he wrote the two-volume "Principles of Chemistry" which became a classic. During the writing of his book, Mendeleev tried to organize the elements according to their chemical properties and atomic mass. In 1869 he published his first of what became known as the periodic table, a table created to arrange the elements by their atomic number. In 1871 he published a better version of the periodic table, in which he left empty spaces for elements that were undiscovered. Mendeleevs chart and theories gained acceptance wh ...

Dock Line Terms and Best Practices for Securing Your Boat

Dock Line Terms and Best Practices for Securing Your Boat Plenty of poorly secured boats have floated away from the dock after a shift in weather or tide. It happens to everyone once, but after the first time, youll want to learn the basics. To understand how to tie a boat up securely, you need to understand basic boat architecture and terms. These are quite basic, so most of you may already know many of these terms. However, it never hurts to review them. Lets start with the two basic lines that hold each boat to the tying fixtures on the dock. If you are tying to a buoy then you want to review mooring basics since our current discussion is about tying to docks. Bow Line The bow line runs from a cleat or chock and over the forward gunwale, where the line should be fitted with a chafe guard. The line is then finally secured to the tying fixture on the dockside which could be a cleat, bollard, post, or ring. The knot required will vary according to the tie point. Stern Line The stern line is attached to the stern tying fixture that is closest to the dock. Securing the stern from the outboard tying fixture or a central bit is not recommended since it will be more difficult to retain tension. A chafe guard can also be used here, but the stern line moves over the gunwale much less than at the bow. In situations where the boat is in a slip or berth, then the second set of lines is attached to hold the boat in a central position. Lines should be tied tightly unless a spring line is used. Spring Lines A single spring line makes a boat much more secure, so its highly recommended. There are two types of spring lines: forward springs and aft springs. The name of a spring line refers to which direction it is traveling when leaving the boat. So a forward spring travels from the stern forward from one-half to one-third of the vessel length before being secured to the dock. The forward spring brings the stern of the boat close to the face wall by pulling forward. An aft spring line travels from the bow or forward gunwale back to the dock with a length about half the length of the vessel. An aft spring is best rigged after a forward spring to keep tension even throughout all lines. Spring lines are useful to keep winds that are parallel to the dock from pulling the vessel away from its position. Tides and Tying There are plenty of devices of various qualities made to secure boats against tidal forces, but your regular dock lines will do the job if you know how to rig them correctly. Bow and stern lines need to be long enough to slack and keep the vessel from pulling the tying fixtures free. In some cases, boats can sink from poor tidal planning, so be careful and check the tide charts for your area. Spring lines will keep the vessel in position horizontally as long as they are set to the correct length, which should be barely tight at low tide.

Leonardo da Vinci and Filippino Lippi Assignment

Leonardo da Vinci and Filippino Lippi - Assignment Example Da Vinci’s works are very distinctive. His lines are soft and clean, very detailed and life-like. He also uses cross hatching for shading. In his work, â€Å"Self Portrait c.1512 red chalk on paper†, his expert technique is also shown. The subject is supposed to be Leonardo da Vinci himself. It is a portrait of an old man, with the face tilted towards the third-quarter view. The subject is not facing the audience but one can see the expression in his eyes: solemn. Like most Renaissance artists then, his hair was long and he was bearded.The materials for this artwork are paper and red chalk. Like other da Vinci artworks, this illustration of a face of an old man (supposed to be himself), is anatomically perfect. The lines and wrinkles, up to the point that he looks to have lost his front teeth, is portrayed extremely well in the illustration. The lines are quite fine and light, and the shadowing was done by cross-hatching, which is very typical of da Vinci. Most scholars believe that this was also done by a left hand. Lippi was the illegitimate son of another painter, Fra Filippo Lippi. Under his father’s tutelage, he knew how to paint and illustrate. As with da Vinci, Lippi was also a master of anatomy. However, unlike da Vinci who was more scientific in nature (as in he invents, he engineers stuff, among other things), Lippi was more contracted and commission to work for churches as he made frescoes. His style echoed much of Boticelli’s style. In fact, some of his previous paintings have been signed, â€Å"A friend of Boticelli†.

The Philosophy Way to Solve The Black Dahlia Case Research Paper

The Philosophy Way to Solve The Black Dahlia Case - Research Paper Example Besides mutilating and dissecting Short’s body, the killer drained her corpse of blood and scrubbed it clean. The media extensively covered the case. A lengthy and in-depth investigation of the case by the L.A.P.D. revealed a series of false reports (Jeter & Keller, 2015). A witness in Black Dahlia’s murder case reported seeing a black car parked in the area in the morning hours but could not provide the police with credible information. Currently, Black Dahlia’s murder is one of the case files in L.A and it is the city’s most famous case (Latson, 2015). Therefore, there is the necessity for proficient philosophical techniques to establish or initiate utmost justice or solution to Black Dahlia’s case. Almost seventy years after the murder of Elizabeth Short, investigators currently think that they are on the verge of finding out who killed her. The cold murder of Black Dahlia that left detectives, writers and filmmakers perturbed, could be solved from the specimen obtained from Hodel’s father, Dr. George Hill Hodel (Stone, 2013). The young Hodel believed that his father executed Black Dahlia’s murder. A team of experts conducted an extensive search of the doctor’s home where the officers had initially detected the scent of human decomposition in most areas of the basement. Soil samples from Dr. Hodel’s home were taken and submitted for lab test. Significant evidence against the doctor according to his son, entails a recording between the doctor and an unknown person whereby the doctor stated that supposed he killed Short they could not prove it because his secretary was already dead. However, based on the 2006 film ‘The Black Dahlia’, it is perceived that Elizabeth was murdered in one of the empty houses of Emmett Linscott. Elizabeth Short is alleged to have been acting pornographic movies. Bucky and Lee, a police officer, decides to investigate the cause of

Analogical paper on Gambling related to the Mahabharata or the Essay

Analogical paper on Gambling related to the Mahabharata or the Bhagavad-Gita - Essay Example Gambling can be a major entertainment in Las Vegas and Macao, and it is legal. However, public gambling is illegal in my home town, Taiwan. This gambling issue in Taiwan can relate to how Yudhisthira loses everything including himself in the dice gamble with Sakuni. It seems to me that gamble is like a drug and people who like to gamble cannot get rid of it because they are already addicted to gambling. If people are addicted to gamble, they lose their focus from their life goals. Gambling is betting of money or anything of material value on an event with unknown outcome. It is made to win instant and additional money or material goods. Gambling is both legal and illegal. It is the major commercial activity; the legal gambling market estimated in 2009 was worth $335 billion. The types of gambling are Casino games Table games Electronic gaming Non-casino gambling Fixed-odd betting Pari-mutuel betting Sports betting Arbitrage betting Gambling in the modern world has taken many shapes. The world spends billions on gambling every year. It may be a hobby of the elite class but those who lose everything because of gambling is the subject of debate. 1.1 History of gambling They history of gambling is ancient and relates to the different parts of the world. From Hindu to catholic and Jewish to the modern man or atheists; gambling has always been there, expanding and modernizing. Different parts of the world have different ways to gamble. Many popular games played in modern casinos originate from Europe and China, whereas the card games originated in the Middle East. Betting on horses originated from Arab (Aasved, 2003, pp.194). 1.2 Why do people gamble? The first answer to this question is because they want to become rich (Brenner and Brenner, 1990, pp.81). They want their money to double in a blink of an eye which is not possible in reality. That is why without being sure of the result they spend money so that they get a far greater amount in return. Gambling is an ad dition to have easy and quick money. Their lust for it is so strong that the negative outcomes never overtake the prominent desire to earn a lot of money in return to the smaller amount. According to Brenner and Brenner (1990, pp.169), number of attempts is made to understand gambling behaviors. One of the facts is that, gambling is a matter of taste. People who like to take risk usually gamble whereas those who are afraid do not. Gambling is a dangerous game not everyone risks for it. The poor who have the desire for money relatively fall for it more than the rich. It is also observed that those who lose money or business may gamble to meet their requirements. Gambling is a big business; people who want others to gamble make it attractive and appealing. Nice talks are made about gambling, prizes are highlighted. Both small and large amounts on lotteries and bets attract those who want to risk or are addicted to gamble. 1.3 Issues and problems related to gambling There are many issu es related to gambling, it is not necessary that always the outcome of gambling is a problem. Low risk and safe gambling can also be made, but when the limits are crossed and large risks are taken gambling problem arises. Some of the problems related to gambling are: a. Impact on families Families are mostly affected by gambling problems. People lose almost everything in gambling even there place to live. It causes long term issues. b. Money problems: It is the most important problems which brings with it all others. It may be

Project Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Project - Assignment Example e main purpose of this activity is to allow the participants to learn why it is necessary to bring the special education and the general education teachers together. The session makes it possible for them to develop a collaborative plan that will enable them to effectively meet the various academic and the social needs of the students with various disabilities and those in the general education settings. This activity recognizes the unique roles and responsibilities that each of the teachers have in the collective planning process. Through this session, it is possible for them to gain immense understanding of the special needs of the students that they will be dealing with. The outcome of this will be increased partnerships and collaborations between them thus ensuring that they are able to enhance their performance in the various educational settings. In the long run the benefits will be passed down to the students as they will be taught with their academic and social goals in mind. In order to take part in the session and for it to be a success, all the participants need to be well prepared. This entails defining the roles of those taking part. For this activity, there are three key participants who had specific roles to play. The three roles included time keeping, team leading and recording. The roles can be assigned randomly or each person allowed choosing the role that they feel they can effectively fulfil. The duty of the team leader was to initiate the meeting and communicate the details of the session to the other members of the team. This will include those who were to attend but were unable to do so due to reasons that were beyond their control. The recorder had the duty of capturing and also disseminating the minutes from the planning sessions. This allowed for the continuity of such sessions in future. The time keeper on the other hand was tasked with the duty of ensuring that the items which were to be consider were covered and that the session took

Homework Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 11

Homework - Assignment Example For example a person who is in a bad financial situation will not be interested with the energy drink. Psychological factors include things like attitude and perception. For example, some people view energy drinks as unhealthy and un natural hence such people will not be interested in the drink. As a marketer, it is my duty to take advantage of these influences to make sure the energy drink gets a lot of consumers. I will do this by packaging the product in such a way it appeals to all social classes. This will ensure that all people from all social classes buy the drink. Considering the current economic times, I would also set the price of the energy drink to be as low as possible. This is to allow for people to afford it as it is certain that many people are facing economic hardships at this time. Hence the energy drink will attract a lot of consumers While advertising the product I will also make sure that all details of the drink are included in the advertisement. This includes sugar levels if any and advantages of the drink. This is to make sure that people understand the drink fully. This will help deal with psychological perception people have about energy

Project Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Project - Assignment Example e main purpose of this activity is to allow the participants to learn why it is necessary to bring the special education and the general education teachers together. The session makes it possible for them to develop a collaborative plan that will enable them to effectively meet the various academic and the social needs of the students with various disabilities and those in the general education settings. This activity recognizes the unique roles and responsibilities that each of the teachers have in the collective planning process. Through this session, it is possible for them to gain immense understanding of the special needs of the students that they will be dealing with. The outcome of this will be increased partnerships and collaborations between them thus ensuring that they are able to enhance their performance in the various educational settings. In the long run the benefits will be passed down to the students as they will be taught with their academic and social goals in mind. In order to take part in the session and for it to be a success, all the participants need to be well prepared. This entails defining the roles of those taking part. For this activity, there are three key participants who had specific roles to play. The three roles included time keeping, team leading and recording. The roles can be assigned randomly or each person allowed choosing the role that they feel they can effectively fulfil. The duty of the team leader was to initiate the meeting and communicate the details of the session to the other members of the team. This will include those who were to attend but were unable to do so due to reasons that were beyond their control. The recorder had the duty of capturing and also disseminating the minutes from the planning sessions. This allowed for the continuity of such sessions in future. The time keeper on the other hand was tasked with the duty of ensuring that the items which were to be consider were covered and that the session took

MARKETING PLANNING Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words - 1

MARKETING PLANNING - Assignment Example It implies that a number of tactics can be considered so that the objectives and missions of the business can be attained. Marketing planning is essential in the strategic planning process for an organization, since it provides direction in the firm and outlines the goals of organization that are measurable (Jobber, 2010). The day- to-day decisions of the business depend on the marketing planning and strategic planning process (Young, 2010). This is based on the fact that the firm is prone to changes and it has to progress with its daily routines. The approaches to move forward must be planned and to accommodate change in the firm strategic decisions or planning must be incorporated. Marketing planning helps the managers and directors of the business to efficiently allocate the resources available in an optimum manner so that the goals set can be attained. Risks may occur when the business is operational and other uncertainty and if the market plan was emphasized, then tactical marke ting planning may be employed to cater for the risks and other form of uncertainties. In conclusion, marketing planning is essential in the strategic planning process for an organization since it gives the organization the go ahead. For example, a firm can identify the tactics that can be applied to outdo the competitor. It also gives the management of the organization a chance to plan for the present and future strategies. The first stage of product development is to come up with the idea of the product that will be established in the market. It is important to consider whether the product is already in the market or a new entrant in the market. Market research must be conducted so that market sources like the consumer wants, dislike and competition among others can be known. Since the company may have a lot of ideas concerning the products that they need to develop, it is critical and recommendable to choose an idea that is best and reject the bad idea

Violence in the past Essay Example for Free

Violence in the past Essay Abigail has been the victim of violence in the past. In the play she tells the girls: I saw Indians smash my dear parents heads on the pillow next to mine, and I have seen some reddish work done at night. This experience influences her actions later on in the play. She seeks vengeance in everything she does and she corrupts the characters in the play because she knows their weaknesses. Her actions are significant in this scene because it shows that she seeks vengeance in order to gain more power. Abigails actions are representative of the actions of government during the 1950s. Both the government and Abigail seek to manipulate the system to gain power (through Witch trials/McCarthy trials). Miller shows what power can do in the wrong hands and the way the government perverts the course of justice. Proctor opposes Abigail during the trial; he refuses to believe her lies and knows that she is being hypocritical. Proctor has considerable influence over the common man in Salem. His reputation is important to him and his dramatic confession how do you call heaven! Whore! Whore! is completely unexpected. This provokes sympathy from the audience. Proctor is now a known lecher and he tries to explain a man will not cast away his good name. This shows that Proctors reputation is important to him and he must protect it. Miller shows his own morals and ethics in Proctors character where Proctor sacrifices his good name. The implication is that Proctor did the right thing by confessing. It is also a dramatic turning point because he has effectively committed social suicide and this becomes the main focus in the trial. Miller wants the audience to understand that John Proctor has been tackling his conscience since his affair with Abigail. After his confession in Act Three he is overwhelmed by guilt and shame because he has disappointed his friends. Miller shows the audience the hardships faced by an individual to stand up to the rest of society. This idea comes from the way Miller stood up against McCarthyism and was scrutinised for it. Elizabeth Proctor is another character in the play that faces a moral dilemma. Upon entering the courtroom she is unaware of the events that precede her arrival. She is confused and this is noticeable from the faint way in which she speaks to Danforth. Both Abigail and Proctor are made to face their backs towards her so they cannot influence her testimony. This is a very tense moment in the play because the audience arent sure how Elizabeth will react under pressure. Throughout the play Elizabeth does not speak to Abigail but it is at this moment that the audience can feel her dislike and anger. When Danforth first questions Elizabeth about Abigail, she knows that John has been accused of lechery. Elizabeth doesnt know whether to choose to save her husbands reputation or to tell the court he has committed lechery and to live with the consequence. not knowing what to say, sensing a situation she begins to stall for time. As a Christian woman, Elizabeth believes that God condemns liars and if she lies her reputation will be tainted. Abigail has corrupted Elizabeth to the extent that she is now powerless and either choice she makes she will lose. The audience expects her response to be the truth and is shocked when she lies. She felt a great importance in telling the truth but she was overcome by emotion for Proctor and didnt want to see him get hurt. She has never committed a big sin in her life so when she lies, she knows that the guilt will follow her for the rest of her life Elizabeth is put under the most pressure in this scene and she is one of the victims of Abigails corruption. Miller wanted the audience to recognise that tragedies happen to good people and that the wicked can often escape their punishment. He shows that when a person has to decide between faith and love, human instinct can often overpower belief. Although Elizabeth wrestled with her conscience before making her decision but she felt that Johns life was more important. Her behaviour is significant in this scene because it is the first time in the play she shows how much she loves John. Reverend John Hale is an outsider and his judgment is not tainted by vengeance or personal responsibilities to the other villagers, he set out to find the devil in Salem. As a priest his duty is to council Christians to stay on the right path but his role in Salem changes. When he first arrives in Salem, he believes that the devil had taken over and he was sent to save them by using his books here is all the invisible world, caught, defined and calculated. In these books the devil stands stripped of all his brute disguises. As an educated man Hale is able to quickly judge a good person from a bad person which is illustrated when Hale first meets Rebecca Nurse. By Act Three Hale sees the truth about Salem and that it is not about witches but of vengeful girls. He learns that you cannot dictate human nature and the answer to the hysteria of the town lay in the people and not in his books. When Elizabeth comes into court and commits perjury he cannot take it anymore. He tells Danforth it is a natural lie to tell because he sympathises with Elizabeth and Proctor and he feels a bond with them. He explains that the trials were about private vengeance and not the devil but the court chooses to be ignorant. In anger he leaves the court I denounce these proceedings! I quit this court because he feels that there is nothing he can do. He is referred to as Pontius Pilate (Proctor-Act Two) because he washes his hands of logic and chooses to side with the court. In Act Three Hales conscience takes control of him because he cant accept Abigails treachery and corruption which caused the deaths of innocent people. I may shut my conscience to this no more he also feels partly responsible for what happened to the villagers. On page 91 Hale has a dramatic change and he makes his intentions clear for the first time in the play. His behaviour is significant in Act Three because he recognises changes in himself and other characters. He understood that Abigail was manipulating everyone around her and he saw her thirst for power. Millers purpose for creating Reverend Hale was to show an individual standing up to society and Miller saw his own attributes in Hale as he was asked to give names of communist sympathisers he had met at meetings. Miller couldnt do tell the courts the name of any communists because his conscience wouldnt allow it. Miller stood up to the injustices created by the government as Hale stands up to Danforth. It is argued that Arthur Millers purpose for writing The Crucible was to show a person status and the impact they made on society. It teaches that an individuals voice can influence others around them. In my opinion this scene is dramatically successful because it forces the audience to contemplate their own standing in society. It is also makes people aware of other injustices that are in any society, which makes the play intellectually stimulating. In Act Three, Millers intentions become clear by his use of language. A courtroom is the appropriate setting to play out Proctors confession because of the way it heightens the drama. The courtroom is parallel to Millers trial with the American government and he stood up to them and wasnt bullied by the authorities and these beliefs and morals are echoed into Proctors character. Proctor believes that the law and the government is unjust so he disagrees with Danforth and Hathorne it is hard to give a lie to dogs because he cannot forgive them for causing the death of his friends. Miller wants the audience to consider the roles the characters played in Salem and to ask themselves whether they would do the same allowing the audience to empathise with the characters. He wants them to question whether there are people like that in todays society and to make them question the world around them. The Crucible shows an awful chapter in human history which still has an impact on the world today. It shows that witches and communists could be equated because they were both victims of the government. Miller wanted to show that society hadnt learnt anything from the events that occurred in Salem and that what is manifestly parallel was the guilt, two centuries apart, of holding illicit, suppressed feelings of alienation and hostility . The government will stop anyone who poses a threat to the state (like Abigail). Including censorship of the Arts e. g. songs by artists like Eminem, whose lyrics scrutinise the actions of government. In response the government brands this behaviour as unpatriotic. The play therefore teaches us that people will always be used as scapegoats by the government because they will always be able to find victims. It shows us the reality of alienation and the power of paranoia, particularly in the way it clouds logic. We learn that as individuals we should avoid becoming the victim and should stand up for what we believe as both Proctor and Miller have done.

The interactions between structure and agency

The interactions between structure and agency How does the work of Giddens help us to understand the interactions between structure and agency? Anthony Giddens has become one of the first few British social theorists in recent times to have an international reputation for his influential work on social theory (Craib, 1992). According to Craib, the work of Giddens is very influential, not only because of its quantity but also for the range of different ideas it brings together (Craib, 1992). In this essay, I will discuss and critically analyse how the work of Giddens help us to understand the interactions between structure and agency. I will first outline and define what the terms structure and agency mean, according to both classical theorists and Anthony Giddens. Structure can be defined as pattern of social relationships and a system that identifies how these patterns operate in the society. In functionalism, Structure is a broad term defined by its function (Giddens, 1979). On the other hand, In Structuralism, structure is defined as more explanatory in nature due to the element of transformations. The difference between structure and function is similar to the one between code and message; both are dependants on each other (Giddens, 1979). Hence, both functionalism and structuralism share overall characteristics between each other. The difference between structure and system is that structures are patterns of social relationships whereas system refers to the actual functioning of such relationships (Giddens, 1979). According to Giddens, structure is when the rules and resources are organised as properties of social systems. Whereas systems are reproduced relations between actors organised as social practices. Structuralisms are the conditions governing the duality of both structure and system for the reproduction of social systems (Giddens, 1984). Giddens states that, structure means a structural property providing the binding of time and space in social systems. These properties are the rules and resources for the reproduction of social systems. Thus, structure means the study of the following, firstly the knowledge, how things are to be done by social actors. Secondly, social practices which are used to gain that knowledge. And lastly, capabilities of these practices for example what they can change (Giddens, 1979). In social sciences, structural analysis involves the study of Structutaion of social systems. Hence, rules and practices exist in conjunction with one another. In a nutshell, we can say that, Structures are rules and resources, which are organised as properties of social systems. Whereas systems are reproduced relationships between actors organised as social practices. Structutaion are the conditions deciding the continuity or transformation of structures and systems (Giddens, 1979). Both functionalism and structuralism are very similar despite their differences, they both express a naturalistic standpoint and hence they both prefer objectivism. Gidden argues that agents reproduce the conditions that make human social activities possible (Giddens, 1984). Duality of structure can be viewed in many ways, its a conformist way looking at structure, something which constrains action or even determines it. It is difficult to assume that structure and agency are the same thing, however they do have many similarities. According to Giddens, it is social practices which constitute us as actors (Gidden, 1984). Giddens argues that agency is the centre of sociological concern; however the crucial feature of action is that it is not determined. Giddens claims that action is a continuous flow, a process whereby it cant be broken down into reasons and motives. He argues that rather it is a process in which we monitor and rationalize our daily actions (Turker, 1998). According to Giddens, agency involves a notion of practical consciousness, such as all the things that we know as social actors, and hence must know to make social life happen. Giddens see the relationship between structure and agency as the duality of structure, whereby individuals reflexively produce and reproduce their social life (Turker, 1998). According to Giddens, agency is when an individual is able to observe his/her own experience and then be able to give reasons for their action. Agency should be identified with reasoning and knowledge (Turker, 1998). Giddens argues that we as actors know what we are doing, hence we are conscious of these things, we routinely rationalize what we do. Giddens argues that as individuals we can often give a rational account of what we are doing. Giddens states that a sense of routine is needed in order to have self security. For example, if your daily routine is broken you are more likely to feel insecure (Craib, 1992). Agency and Power, an agent (individual) is able to act or influence the outside world or resist from such intervention. In other words, to be an agent means to be able to use range of casual (daily life) powers such as influential powers that may already be used or deployed by others (Giddens, 1984). Whereas, action depends upon the capability of those individuals to make a difference to a pre-existing state of affairs in the society. An agent doesnt exist anymore when he or she loses the capability to make a difference or in other words, when they lose power (Giddens, 1984). In terms of sociology, power can be defined as the will or capacity to achieve desired and intended outcomes. Giddens, agrees with Bachrach and Baratz when they classify two faces of power, which are, firstly the capability of individuals to influence decisions and secondly the mobilization of bias (Giddens, 1984). Giddens argues that the resources are the structured properties of social systems, taken and improved by knowledgeable agents or individuals in the society during their course of interaction. Giddens further goes on to state that, power is not just connected to the achievement of the individuals interests. Power itself is not a resource; resources are media through which power is exercised (Giddens, 1984). In social science, structure refers to the structuring properties allowing the binding of time-space in social systems (Giddens, 1984). It will not be right to call structures as rules and resources due to its different implications in philosophical literature. The difference between structure and rules is that rules are often connected with games but they are different in terms of social systems (Giddens, 1984). Rules are frequently treated in the singular; hence rules cannot be separated from resources. However, on the other hand structural properties represent domination and power (Giddens, 1984). The Structutaion theory states that rules and resources used in the production and reproduction of social action are at the same time the means of system reproduction. Therefore, we can say that a rule is more or less similarly to having a habit or routine (Giddens, 1984). Habit is a part of routine and have significant role in social life. Whereas, rules of social life are techniques or generalised procedures applied in reproduction of social practices (Giddens, 1984). Furthermore, formulated rules can be expressed such as bureaucratic rules, rules of games and so on. Knowledge of procedure of doing social activity is methodological (Giddens, 1984). As social actors, all human beings are highly knowledgeable in the production and reproduction of day to day activities. This knowledge is more practical rather than theoretical in nature. On the other hand, what does intentional mean? According to Giddens it is an act carried out by an individual when he knows there will be particular outcome or quality of that act (Giddens, 1984). Hence, this knowledge of specific outcome is known to the individual when he starts pursuing that particular act. According to Giddens, there is a difference between what is intended and what is done (Giddens, 1984). The consequences of what agents do, intentionally or unintentionally, are the events which could have not happened if the individuals had behaved differently (Giddens, 1984). The consequences play an important role in deciding what agent has done. Merton has claimed that the study of unintended consequences is very important in the sociological system. Every activity can have two functions, Non-Significant Consequences or either Significant Consequences (Giddens, 1984). Merton differentiates intentional activity from its unintended consequences. For example, if an individual is intending to turn the light switch on, he or she might face a consequence to trigger the alarm but not with an intention to call the police or to get caught by them and spend rest of his /her life in the jail. Here, the intentional activity was just to turn the light on; however, due to unintended consequences (alarm being triggered) the outcome was different (Giddens, 1984). On the other hand, both Freud and Gidden claim that there are mini agents within the human agent. Freud states that these mini agents within the human agents decide their actions. These mini agents have been classified as id, ego and super ego. However, Gidden doesnt agree with Freud when he says it is ego (mini agent) within the human agents that decides their actions (Mestrovic, 1998). Here id or unconscious behaviour means the desires that these agents create within the mind of an individual (human agent) that is beyond rational thinking and consciousness (Mestrovic, 1998). Freuds usage of unconsciousness was later replaced by Giddens terminology of unconscious motives. Freud referred things like sexual and violent urges to state of unconsciousness while Giddens simply defined unconsciousness as state of mind when human beings are not conscious of something or in other words they cannot express their feelings into words. This explanation was given by Giddens without using any analysis from any other social theorists (Mestrovic, 1998). Gidden has stated that there should a democratic relationship between a parent and a young child. For example, It is the right of the child, to be treated as equal to an adult. It needs to be justified when we say no you are too young to negotiate with children. However, it is difficult for an adult parent to make their child understand about sexual stereotypes without causing any emotional damage to the child (Mestrovic, 1998). The modernists believe culture should be blamed for this but the reality is that these children freely select what they like according to their own preferences. Because the rational abilities of the children are not fully developed so they may react to culture in an emotional way. Hence, even critics have accepted Giddens viewpoint that sociology is the study of modern societies and also recognise his significant contribution in the field of social theory (Mestrovic, 1998). On the other hand, Wittgensteinian Philosophy has only emphasized on action theory (nature of reasons or intentions) rather than structural explanation. They havent taken into consideration several other elements such as social change, power relations or conflicts in the society (Giddens, 1979). Furthermore, Durkheim argues that society and individuals have different characteristics and every person is born into an already constituted society. However, he failed to support this external or objective nature of the society in his writings (Giddens, 1979). According to Giddens, risk and trust need to be analyzed together in late modernity. Giddens emphasis the fact that active trust is needed in todays society in order to form social solidarity and personal ties. For example, many people who are in relationships, spend much of their time away from each other living in different countries, hence active trust is needed for the relationship to continue. Trust has to be won and actively sustained for relationships to be successful. Giddens argues that in todays society we see that more women are now divorcing their marriage partners; this then leads them to leading the household by themselves, which then leads to poverty (Giddens, in Beck et al, 1994). Giddens argues that society is produced and also reproduced through human action; hence he rejects any view which states that society might have an existence over individuals (Craib, 1992). Duality of structure is linked to Structutaion, Gidden argues that society normally sees structure as a determining feature of social life, however this is not always the case (Craib, 1992). Gidden also takes the notion reflexivity very seriously, the way in which we represent our social world. In his work, Giddens talks about different types of knowledge, one of the knowledge Giddens mentions is the taken for granted knowledge, which plays an important part in Giddens theory. In other words, this relates to ontological security whereby an individual has a sense of the world and the people around him are more or less the same from day to day (Craib, 1992). Furthermore, Gidden states that reflexivity should not be understood only in terms of self consciousness, but also as the ongoing flow of social life (Giddens, 1984). According to Giddens actors are continuously monitoring their activities; they monitor aspects both physically and socially. Gidden also states that human action can only be defined in terms of intension (Giddens, 1984). Gidden argues that we are incorrect to assume that societies are somehow continuous with geographical borders; rather he believes that systems are more or less open and therefore cut across geographical boundaries (Craib, 1992). Gidden believes that faith is entirely based on trust and vice-versa. In fact, they are closely related to each other. However, he has been criticised by his fellow sociologist for putting too much emphasis on this. For example, human beings have to show faith in things such as religion, science, technology and even teachers notes (Mestrovic, 1998). If there was no faith in these social agents then this modern world would not be able to function properly. On the other hand, we also trust these politicians, scientists, teachers and various other social agents to build up the faith process (Mestrovic, 1998). Over one hundred articles have been published in scholarly journals on Anthony Giddens and his work and very few of them seriously challenged him. The most significant criticism of Giddens concept of structutaion ignores the idea of culture. In the modern society, culture plays a vital role so it needs to be studied in detail. Gidden sometime speaks like a typical Politian rather then being a social theorist. For instance, at one point he talks about a democratic system in the society. Whereas on the other hand, he justifies that sometimes individual interest are different from the common minority groups. During his work on Structuration theory, Giddens does not emphasis that much on the social environments influence on sociology. Gidden argues that social structures are both the condition and the outcome of peoples daily activities; hence one cannot exist without the other. Giddens theory is very similar to Bourdieu; like Bourdieu, Giddens states that social practices are hugely important to the ongoing reproduction of socities (Tucker, 1998). On the other hand, Nicos Mouzelis argues that Giddens in his book The Constitution of society didnt give enough emphasise to the constraining effects of social structure. (Bryant and Jary, 2001). Though, Giddens replied back to his critic by Mouzelis and stated that Mouzelis critic was not justified in terms of the content of what he wrote (Bryant and Jary, 2001). Furthermore, throughout his work Giddens makes a great deal of the notion of time and space. Criab argues that Giddens deals with time and space on two different levels and unless they are clearly distinguished, his work is difficult to understand and confusing (Craib, 1992). In social theory, action and structure are inter-dependent (or are linked to each other) Action or agency is a continuous flow of conduct (regular series of acts). To study the structure of the society is like studying the anatomy of the organisms, where you have to study a number of small functions (Giddens, 1979). Furthermore, Giddens mentions that an understanding of action and structure is needed regardless of what problem one is seeking to analyse (Bryant and Jary, 2001). On the whole, Giddens provides us with evidence through examples and theories to show and help us understand the interaction between structure and agency. ANTHONY GIDDENS-THE LAST MODERNIST, By S G Mestrovic, Routedge (1998) The role of desire in agency and structure Anthony Giddens, 1984, The Constitution of Society, Cambridge: Polity Press. Agency and Structure, Anthony Giddens (1979) Central Problems in Social Theory Risk, Trust, Reflexivity Giddens (In Beck et al, 1994) Reading 5 Craib , I (1992) Modern Social Theory Structutaion theory: There is such a thing as society, there is no such thing as society Reading 6 The contemporary Giddens and Social theory in a Globalizing age (Bryant and Jary, 2001) Reading 7 Structutaion theory Craib, I (1992) Anthony Giddens Anthony Giddens, and Modern Social theory/ Tucker, Kenneth, London, Sage (1998) Structuration theory:

Tourism in Greece, Italy, and Turkey Essay -- Tourist Vacations Papers

Tourism in Greece, Italy, and Turkey The fall in the costs of traveling over the past few decades has taken tourism out of the sole domain of the rich and extended it to the middle class. Consequently, the world tourism market has exploded, providing countries with a new source of jobs and income. In this paper I will examine the tourism industries in Greece, Italy, and Turkey in the context of both the European and worldwide tourism markets. Several questions will be addressed. How many tourists come to these countries annually? Where do these countries rank among the world's top tourist destinations? How much do tourists contribute to the local economy? From where do these countries draw most of their tourists What are the most popular cities to visit within these countries What are these countries doing to counter the effects of 11 September? In 2001, Europe attracted 58 percent of worldwide tourists, continuing its trend of being the world's most popular tourist destination (WTO 13). Since so many people visit Europe, the tourist sector plays a vital role in the economies of the respective countries. The tourism industry as a whole has struggled since the 11 September terrorist attacks, falling 0.6 percent worldwide and 0.7 percent in Europe in 2001 (WTO 11). However, the regions in which Greece, Italy, and Turkey lie (southern Europe and eastern Mediterranean Europe) have proved to be more resilient than other areas. Southern Europe actually experienced a modest 1.2 percent growth for the year (WTO 55). In the final four months of 2001, tourism in Europe dropped 6.6 percent, while the decline in southern Europe over this period was only 1.8 percent (WTO 11-12).? Moreover, due to strong growth in Tu... ...stabilities in the Middle East, Turkey has remained a popular tourist destination.? It has done much to develop the industry and promote the country to others.? The dip in tourists post 11 September does not seem to have hurt the growth in tourism very much.? If regional conflicts are assuaged, Turkey?s already strong tourist sector should continue to expand significantly.? With the multitude of attractions that these countries have to offer visitors, tourism should continue to prosper in the future in Greece, Italy, and Turkey. Works Cited Greek National Tourist Organization.? www.gnto.gr. Italy Tourism Office.? www.enit.it. Tourism Market Trends: Europe.? World Tourism Organization.? Madrid, Spain. 2003. Travel Industry World 2002 Yearbook.? Travel Industry Publishing Co, Inc.? Spencertown, NY.? 2003 Turkey Tourist Office.? www.tourismturkey.org.

The Vyacheslav Molotov Book Report Essay -- Essays Papers

The Vyacheslav Molotov Book Report For much of the time between 1930 and 1952, Vyacheslav Molotov, a laconic, unsmiling man called Mr Nyet behind his back by western diplomats, was second only to Joseph Stalin in the Soviet Union. He played a decisiverole in the famine of 1932, during which millions of peasants died of starvation and disease. He was instrumental in liquidating the kulaks (the land-owning farmers). He was Stalin's faithful henchman during the Great Terror, in 1936-38, when both the Red Army command and the country's political leadership were decimated. His name is on the Molotov-Ribbentrop pact of 1939, which kept the Soviet Union out of the war until it was attacked by Hitler two years later. His final years as a power in the land encompassed some of the chilliest days of the cold war.Nikita Khrushchev, Molotov's rival, sent him out of harm's way, as ambassador to Outer Mongolia. In 1962 Molotov was expelled from the party but he was re-instated in 1984. Having served Lenin and Stalin, he died a pensioner in 1986, aged 96. Not a bad record for somebody whom a British historian, D.C. Watt, described as "one of the most inexorably stupid men to hold the foreign minister ship of any major power in this century." That judgment is inaccurate, as this book shows. Molotov was the supreme apparatchik. Stalin ordered him to divorce his wife. Molotov complied--only to be reunited with her after Stalin's death. Resilience guided by intuitive cunning ensured ...

Death and its effects Essay

There is a certain sequence to life. We are born, we die and the part in the middle is called life. Everyone must die and every religion in the world seems to have a belief about what happens after death. We can die at any age be it by accident, illness, disease or old age. Unfortunately accidents and disease are quite common and cause much more distress to loved ones than if someone dies of old age. This is because of the order of death which we expect. Most people believe that Grandparents should die first, followed by Parents then finally Children. However, the world does not always work this way, spawning the phrase ‘a parent should never have to bury their child’. Accidents can strike someone down at anytime as can illness. When this happens it is usually a shock and the grief caused by this can be dependent on the age – if a younger person dies then the shock can be devastating but if someone dies in their ‘twilight years’ then the shock is greatly reduced as the family is half expecting it and they have led a full life. When someone dies, people cope with it in different ways. Some people cry and sob while others will quietly sit and contemplate. In other instances, people will go into denial and refuse to believe that their loved one is gone. This type of denial is aided by the fact that we do not have to deal with death directly, more often than not we will arrange for a funeral director to plan and take care off everything. Many people tell their loved ones how they feel everyday, this allows them to be secure in that their loved one will not die without them knowing they love them. People do not like for someone to die if they have not told them all that they should have or have ended their last conversation in an argument. They begin to have that underlying feeling of guilt and foreboding. To know that someone knows what you are going through is a great help to the bereaved, friends can come over and offer their support and allow the person to explain how they feel. The whole idea of talking to someone is the basis of therapy and can offer some relief through sympathy/empathy. Funerals, after they have been arranged are often held within the week of the person dying. This is to offer some finality to the whole process and to let the relatives to decide whether they want an ‘open coffin’ or ‘closed coffin’ funeral. Funerals vary from one Christian denomination to another but they all have a glimmer of hope in them for the relatives and friends. The hope of eternal life in the presence of God allows the church to help the bereaved deal with their loss by encouraging them to believe that they will be reunited with them after they die. In a funeral, the coffin is carried from its method of transport to the church (this is usually a hearse, but can be a horse-drawn carriage) by the pall-bearers. These are often the male members of the family who were closest to the deceased. I am the Resurrection and the Life. He who believes in Me will live, even though he dies; and whoever lives and believes in me will never die. (John 11:25-26) The above verses from John 11 are often read. These words are used to comfort the bereaved as they speak of eternal life and love. There are also often hymns, prayers for the person who has died and other Bible readings. The priest will then give a short sermon on the Christian beliefs of life after death. Eulogies are also often read out by a member of the family or a close friend. A eulogy is a short speech about the life of the person who has died. It is traditional to wear black clothing at funerals. This is not required however and some families will request that guests do not dress in this way. A Roman Catholic funeral also includes a ‘Requiem Mass’. For this, the priest will wear white vestments and the coffin will be covered in a white pall. The coffin is sprinkled with Holy Water and the priest says: In the waters of baptism (name) died with Christ, and rose with him to new life. May s/he now share with him in eternal glory. The coffin is then sprinkled again and later perfumed with incense. After the funeral, many Christians put on a meal for guests to thank them for coming. In the case of Roman Catholics and many Irish Christians, a wake will be put on. A wake is a small, lively party to celebrate the persons passing into Heaven and their life. Of course, the person who all this was held for does not realise. The deceased person is not really there and only an empty shell remains. There are several different, but equally important reasons for holding a funeral. A funeral marks the ending of a human life, as baptism marks the beginning. It also allows the families to go through the various stages of grief. A funeral lets them see that the person is gone forever, but gives them comfort and support from faith. A funeral is used by Christians to be reminded of one of Christianity’s main beliefs – there is life after death and that God will give us strength to face up to our sorrow. Graves are also often erected. These graves are permanent markers to the person and can last hundreds of years. It is very interesting to walk around a cemetery and see the impact someone has made on another persons life as some graves have monumental tombstones on them. These come at a huge price and it is amazing to see that someone has paid so much money for something the deceased will never see In Christian terms, there are two places after you die, Heaven and Hell. There is much debate about whether Heaven and Hell are actual places. The Literalists believe it is as the bible clearly mentions it in the New Testament. According to older theories, Heaven is a place where those who are sinless go to be with God and everyone is happy. On the other hand, Hell was meant to be a place of ‘fire and brimstone’ where everyone suffered for their sins. Now here is where the argument comes in. Many people say that Hell cannot exist because it is impossible for such a loving and forgiving God to create a place of suffering. Some Christians also believe that Heaven and Hell are not so much places as states of mind. Heaven is where you are at peace and can be with God and Hell is where you are confined and isolated from the warmth of God’s love. A modern story of the literal differences between Heaven and Hell goes as follows: A man dies and is greeted by St. Peter at the gates of Heaven. The man asks if he can see both Heaven and Hell before he is judged. St. Peter agrees and an angel escorts the man into a room. In the room, there is a long dining table. The man asks where they are and the angel tells him that they are in Hell. He explains that in both Heaven and Hell, you are treated equally and can eat all your favorite foods from the table on one condition: you must eat them with 6 foot long utensils. The man ponders on this for a moment then asks what the difference is between the two. The angel tells him that in Heaven, people are well fed as they feed one another while the people in Hell starve as they only try to feed themselves and fail. In Christian beliefs about resurrection, the idea that the whole body is resurrected, not just the soul is prominent. Jesus was recognised by St. Peter after his resurrection (see Corinthians 15:35-57), this shows us that when we are resurrected, our new bodies will be recognisable to our family and friends. Jewish beliefs about death are not so different from those of Christianity. Instead of Heaven and Hell, Jews believe that all souls go to ‘Sheol’, a shadowy underworld. The Jewish faith also has beliefs on resurrection. According to Maimonides, when the Messiah comes, all the dead will be resurrected and judged. In death, every member of the family is affected. Adults know what is going on, but what about the children. What should we tell them? Many parents explain to their children that whoever has died has ‘gone with the angels’. This is often the easiest way as children associate angels with happiness. This reasoning is often why people grow up imagining Heaven to be in the clouds above our Earth and full of angels, it is a remnant of our childhood. However, some parents decide to not tell their children anything. It all depends on the individual child and how they will cope with this new information. Some children can cope with the hard evidence – someone has died and isn’t going to come back, while others cannot grasp the concept of death until they are much older. All religions have theories on life and death. In the New Age religions, many people believe in the Gaia theory. The Gaia theory was developed many hundreds of years ago and can be found in old texts about the meaning of life. The Gaia theory tells us that the Earth on which we live has a spirit and that all living organisms have their spirit given by Gaia (the Earth spirit). These organisms live their respective lives and ‘soak’ up their experiences to enrich its spirit. When the organism dies, its spirit returns to Gaia and the experiences it had allow Gaia to create new lives. After looking at several different religions, it is apparent that all have one thing in common – the belief that after you die a part of you lives on and returns to something, be it Allah, Gaia or God.

Impact of New Deal on Maerican Government and Society Essay

FDR’s New Deal changed the face of American government. Never before and no one since has implemented so many government programs and agencies. FDR’s New Deal helped the US get out of the Great Depression. The new deal expanded the federal government’s power like never before and was designed to help Americans who were suffering. FDRs new deal can be broken down into two categories: The first New Deal and the Second New Deal When FDR took office, he and his advisors did not have an exact plan or initial philosophy drawn up, but rather, they made it up as they went along. They were willing to do anything and everything to help bring the country out of the great depression, especially through the work of capitalism. To get his plan rolling, the first thing FDR needed to do was to restore confidence in the American people and get them on his side. He did so he went on the radio many times out of the year and told them what he was working on and what he had done that week which became known as â€Å"fireside chats. † The first thing FDR did in the first new deal was restore faith in financial institutions, and more so in capitalism. One thing FDR tries to do is have the public confident in banking system so that people would invest and could later have a healthy stock market. Immediately, he declared a bank holiday, and all banks had to close for a number of days. While the banks were closed, he sent in teams of financial investigators to determine which banks were viable and which were deemed unreliable. If deemed unviable, it could not reopen until it fixed its problems. Next, FDR created the SEC. The SEC was created to regulate the stock market, so the faulty trading that caused the crash could not occur again. The SEC also required companies who traded stock to make their financial books made public, and was ultimately designed to get people to invest in stock market again. Later, FDR created the FDIC. The FDIC was a government agency that was to ensure bank deposits as long as the bank met certain criteria. These 3 are careful steps of the gov’t working within the established system and basically put gov’t regulation in place to make sure the economy worked correctly. The second entity in the first new deal was an attempt to end the economic downturn. To do this, FDR needed to create jobs and help the economic markets. First, FDR created the NRA. The NRA set up a voluntary committee consisting of workers, business owners, and gov’t officials for every industry in the country. These committees would discuss production limits (which FDR believed overproduction was the cause of the GD), minimum prices, and wages. This did not work well because it was voluntary and businesses would usually break their part of the agreement. Next, FDR created AAA. This set up a government agency to pay farmers to produce less. FDR believed crop prices fell due to overproduction and that the AAA would solve this in two ways: 1, farmers would produce less therefore increasing crop prices and 2: by giving farmers much needed cash in return for not producing. Lastly, FDR created the TVA. This government agency created jobs by going into valleys to build hydroelectric dams that not only stop flooding, but create electricity. The AAA and TVA are considered very bold moves by the president because it allowed gov’t to interfere with private industry, and can even be argued as socialism. The last thing FDR wanted to do with the first new deal was provide direct relief to individuals. First, FDR gave states federal grants to buy food for those who needed it. Second, he created the CCC. This government agency gave men whose parents were unemployed jobs in the federal park/forest system. This program paid men around 30$ a month, of which 25$ would go to their parents, but it also clothed and fed them. This agency created jobs by having these men plant trees, build roads, trails, and bridges. Even though we did not need these things, the government was basically saying they would be the employer of last resort if the private sector was not supplying jobs. Third, FDR created FHA. This government agency was created to ensure home loans, so banks would again give out to potential home buyers. This was important because it put an influx of capital into the system. The characteristic of these three agencies was that the gov’t is beginning to say that everyone should have basic standards of living and that if they are ot there, the gov’t will be able to provide them, and even goes much further later on. After the first new deal, FDR received criticism from both from the left and the right political spectrums. Those on the right would say that the New Deal was â€Å"gov’t expansion gone crazy† and a radical departure from the past. They would also argue that it was dangerous gov’t intervention putting US on path of socialism. The Supreme Court, which was very conservative at the time, saw this as a dangerous expansion of federal government power and struck down the AAA and NRA as unconstitutional. FDR got most criticism from right from a popular radio speaker named Charles Coughlin who believed the GD/New deal was part of a Jewish conspiracy. On the left side of the spectrum, one would say that the New Deal did very little and not enough. FDR was criticized by the left primarily by Huey Long. He claimed wealthy Americans controlled all wealth and the only way to fix that was to give it back to common people. It was by far the most radical offer, and although Long was murdered, FDR believed left critique could still resonate and created the second new deal. Because of these criticisms, FDR unrolls the second new deal to answer those on the left. The second new deal had all the same goals as the first, but was much more radical. First, he created the REA. This government agency loaned to local communities that did not have electricity so that they could create their own power companies and run electricity to those who didn’t have it because private companies were only willing to supply to heavily populated areas. Here, the government is saying they will help provide a basis of living. Next, FDR created the WPA. This program was designed to put people to work since the private sector was not providing any jobs. It created construction jobs, employed painters to decorate buildings, hired actors and writers to put on play, etc. Third, FDR created the largest program of the new deal–social security. It was divided into 3 categories: retirement (which took a portion of your paycheck and saved it), unemployment (which gave you a check for the first 6 months unemployed), and money for single mothers. The characteristic of SS was that it insured basic standards of living. Lastly, FDR created the NLRB, which forever changed the ov’ts relationship with unions. It made unions legal and made it illegal to fire someone for being in a union. The new deal was the largest expansion of government in history and had three basic characteristics: new role of organized labor, government ensuring basic standards, and government intervention in the economy. However, it did not end the Great depression. Despite this, it made the great depression tolerable, restored middle class belief in capitalism, put in place a â€Å"safety system† for capitalism that essentially made capitalism work better (sec, nrwb), and we continue to live with many of these programs today.

Drawing on at least one example, explore the role that autonomy plays Essay

Drawing on at least one example, explore the role that autonomy plays in achieving a good death - Essay Example Most patients, under the guidance of a clinician, usually make their end of life decisions without any trouble and their wishes are granted. In other cases, the patient is usually too ill or unconscious to contribute to the decision, thus requiring their relatives to do so on their behalf. However, in both cases, the opinion of the patient is usually preferred, making this decision a very important one in a person’s life. With the current advances in medical technology today, most diseases that were considered hopeless and incurable a decade ago are now being managed successfully. Although this is a wonderful thing, it is also very important to acknowledge the fact that the quality of life of a patient should also be considered. As a result of the seemingly extraordinary power of technology, most doctors assume that the role of a clinician is to extend a patient’s life for as long as possible, by every mean necessary. Furthermore, this notion reinforces the natural human urge to ‘do something’ when faced with an insoluble fatal medical condition. As it turns out, most of the actions taken to extend a patient’s life at this stage only prolong their suffering and the dying process rather than prevent it. In the following sections, this essay will explore the role of autonomy in achieving a good death. Some of the advantages and shortcomings of adopting patient autonomy in the hospitals will be covered in comparison to medical paternalism, which is essentially the opposite of autonomy. In addition, the essay will look into the relationship between patient autonomy and the other three concepts of biomedical ethics as proposed by Beauchamp and Childress (2001). Finally, recommendations will be made based on the discussion of the role of patient autonomy in achieving a good death. According to the Institute of Medicine, a good death can be defined as â€Å"one that is free from avoidable death and suffering for patients, families and caregivers in

Glyconutrients Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Glyconutrients - Essay Example N-acetylneuraminic acid Breast milk Important for brain development and learning lowers the LDL and inhibits strains of influenza A and B, bacteria and other pathogens Glyconutrients Food sources Main feature Effects of individuals well being as claimed by drug companies Xylose Grains- wheat, rye and barley Carrot, beet, cauliflower, broccoli, kale, lettuce, parsley, rhubarb, Brussels sprouts, red cabbage and asparagus Used as a substitute for sucrose and corn sweeteners Antibacterial, antifungal and prevent cancer Galactose Dairy products, legumes, algae, many fruits and vegetables Found in combination with glucose to form a disaccharide called lactose Inhibit tumour growth, enhances healing of wounds , decrease inflammation and triggers long-term memory formation Glucose Milk, mushrooms, various fruits and vegetables and grains Ubiquitous saccharide Memory enhancement, proper calcium absorption Table 2. Concentration of glycoprotein on different tissues. The graph shows the specific activity of radio labelled glycoprotein administered to rats at 1 and 8 hrs expressed as d.p.m/gm wet weight of tissue. As noted , "only the liver and intestines decrease whereas all the other organs show a 2- to 6-fold increase in specific activity" (Alton et al 1997 Figure 7). Table 3. "Peripheral neutrophil counts and other therapy parameters during discontinuation and resumption of fucose therapy. Peripheral neutrophil counts, fucose doses, serum fucose levels, body temperature, and C reactive protein (CRP) were recorded for each time point as indicated." (Luhn et al. 2001, Figure 1) LIST OF FIGURES Figure 1. Functions of the Glycoprotein (Nature 1995 cited in GoGlyco 2005) Figure 2. Illustration of...2001, Figure 1) As evidenced by the increasing literature, one of the "hottest" new fields of medical and nutritional break through is glycobiology. Glyconutrients are monosaccharides or carbohydrates that are attached to proteins or lipids and are collectively called glycocongugates. These glycocongugates, found in surface of cells play an important role in biological activities and any imbalance of these glyconutrients would then result to disease. Controlled clinical studies in humans and animals utilizing state-of-the-art analytical and diagnostic are presented in this report showing that glyconutrients 1) play important roles in both normal physiology and disease, 2) can be effectively assimilated when provided as dietary supplements, 3) have biological activities that are beneficial or potentially therapeutic for certain diseases and 4) are safe when provided in the diet. However, the claim of drug companies that glyconutrients "heals" diseases is still vague; more research still needs to be conducted. Glycobiology, dubbed by Science Magazine (2001) as the Cinderella, is now the new wave moving through the walls of modern medicine and science.

An Unequal Division of Labour in the Medical Profession Essay

An Unequal Division of Labour in the Medical Profession - Essay Example An important goal for medical education today is professional development including gender equality and awareness of gender issues. Medical school is the breeding background for not only medical knowledge but also for professional development and careers, including equal opportunities and gender equality. In order to understand how unequal the division of labour in the medical profession actually is and the process of how it has changed from the past to the present, the following points must be considered: Historically both the gendered role of nursing and the sex of nurses were almost exclusively female. More than half of the people involved in health care have always been women. Historically, women were considered healers, and it was they who gave almost all the medical help that was available until two centuries ago. It may well be said that most practical medicines were in the hands of women in the past times. Even though women were more often than not completely ignored when applying for admittance to medical schools, it was almost solely women, who gathered herbs and infused them into vegetable remedies, bathed the arthritic and manipulated their joints, and looked after pregnant women and delivered their babies. â€Å"However in classical Egypt for many centuries women had a significant role as physicians, notably in the medical schools at Heliopolis and Sais.† (Carr, n.d.). During the dark ages, the best-known woman was Hildegarde of Bingen (1098-1179), who apparently had visions explained to her in Latin by a voice from heaven, and concluded by writing two medical manuscripts on plant animal and mineral medicines, and on physiology and the nature of the disease. Women were also involved in folk, alternative, and commercial medicine at this time, although many notable women who specialized in these areas are hard to classify.

Proposal on Strategic Human Recourse Management Essay

Proposal on Strategic Human Recourse Management - Essay Example Master of Business Administration 2011/2012 Business Issue Report Name: Word count: 1941 This work is copyright of the author. ... The proposal also discusses about the various previous literatures that have discussed about the topic under study in the past. The paper also includes the use of different methodologies that has been adopted in the research. The methodologies include the use of primary and secondary sources for data collection for the purpose of analysis of the research. The survey and interview method will be used for the purpose of primary data collection and the review of the several literary sources as been utilized for the purpose of collecting the secondary data. The proposal also includes reflection statement with respect to the potential and practical problems that have been faced while performing the research. The reflection also includes the theoretical and conceptual problems faced by researcher during the research. Finally a conclusion is drawn based on the overall research, and discussing the next steps that need to be taken. Introduction Aim/ Focus The main aim and focus of research st udy is on the use of training and development in the immigration police department in order to address the building and development of the culture in the organization and bring in new insights in the department with respect to improving the current practices (American Society for Training and development 1987). This focus will be effective to explore the impact training and development also to determine the way through which the immigration police department will benefit from these practices. Dissertation Topic: â€Å"Training and Development: Immigration Police Department in Cyprus.† Main Research Question: How does the employee development and

Comparison of credibility (accuracy) of S&P and Moody's ratings before Literature review

Comparison of credibility (accuracy) of S&P and Moody's ratings before and after the US financial crisis - Literature review Example These rating systems have also influenced the U.S capital markets by enabling the U.S financial markets to examine the credit risks. S&P and Moody’s ratings play significant roles in the capital markets; thus, the rating agencies employ them in measuring the expected financial losses (Langohr and Langohr, 2008). This is crucial because they enable the financial market to respond to financial insecurity or risks. This is through establishing regulatory approaches that protect the financial markets from incurring losses. S&P and Moody frequently provide financial analysis to the analysts and issues standard public financial statement of the U.S banks on credit conditions. They also carry out credit ratings in order to offer investors with adequate information; hence enabling them to overcome credit crisis. Moreover, they have influenced the US financial market by enabling them to make financial analysis in order to determine the strength of banking institutions. They have enable d them to split bonds and rate the financial institutions against each other in order to determine their performance level. ... Thus, through S&P and Moody rating services, the U.S financial institutions have enabled to improve their business performance level. Literature Review on the Methodology Changes of S&P and Moody's After All the Criticism It Has Faced On Their In Credibility and Accuracy of Their Published Ratings Varied literature have attempted to reveal the methodology changes of S&P and Moody’s after they faced varied criticism on their credibility and accuracy issues. They have made great efforts of becoming more cautious in order to recover their reputations after the criticism during the recent financial crisis. The S&P and Moody's, as well as, other credit rating agencies have been a subject of controversy; thus, they have been criticized for not being accurate and credible. These agencies faced severe criticism especially during the recent rise of gasoline in the U.S that contributed to a global financial crisis (Eccleston, 2013. However, the credit rating agencies have made significa nt attempts of making changes in rating system; thus, they have focused on creditworthiness, which has become the key aspects in the financial markets. S &P have attempted to implement varied methodologies and this has changed drastically after the 2007 to 2008 global financial crisis. Before the crisis Moody's employed RiskCalc model for estimating private industries default risks. However, the current regulatory approach, which is characterized by capital ratios, stress tests among other methodologies makes it necessary in rating activities. Anand and Subramanian (2013) reveal that S&P and Moody's have made significant efforts of responding to criticism by increasing the regulatory use of ratings in order to reduce financial risks. This regulatory

The limits of my language Essay Example for Free

The limits of my language Essay Human language is considered to be an exclusively human mode of communication; although other animals make use of quite sophisticated communicative systems, none of these are known to make use of all of the properties that linguists use to define language. Linguistics is the scientific study of language. At the core of theoretical linguistics are the study of language structure and the study of meaning. Edward Sapir and his colleague Benjamin Whorf came up with a hypothesis postulating that a particular languages nature influences the habitual thought of its speakers: that different language patterns yield different patterns of thought. On the basis of this theory we could easily say that community we are born into influences our thinking, our background, education and social interaction. For example, a person born in England would be characterised by different behaviours and same drives as a person born in other country.  Pupils in Poland study quite a lot about patriotism and values. A structure of a Polish school teaching is completely different to English one. Everyone in Poland has to learn Polish language and history until they are 19. Most of books they have to read refer to a hero attitude, death, Poland and its history, justice, anti-Semitism, wars and concentration camps. We are being taught information that will shape us in some way and will help us to answer a question: Am I a patriot? Another subject that Polish students have to learn is religious studies. About 95.8 % Polish people are Catholics today. This is another reason to make teenagers learn religious studies. Some of them choose to not to att end this lesson because they describe themselves as theists, but the majority of them still choose to attend RE to find out more about God and their attitude to our motherland. In my opinion, Polish teaching system differ completely from the English way of teaching youth. English people get to choose subjects they prefer to learn and they are limited with their choice. In Poland, pupils do not get a choice and they have to learn about 15 different subjects to get as great knowledge as its possible. It differs in English schools, because in a typical English College when you decide to do A Levels you are only aloud to do from three to five subjects. It shows that students are under pressure of learning logic points of view and way of thinking. It seems to be better idea of training you people but it doesnt teach them any values. Another factor that shapes us would be our background as it has been said in Saphir-Whorf hypothesis. Personally, I find myself more independent and confident that some English people because Poland is characterised by its industry crisis and this is the reason why such a lot of Poles decide to come to England. Another reason that shaped Polish people in the way they are shaped is a fact that Poland was one of these countries that were damaged the most during World War and World War II. I think that it had some influence on the way Polish people behave as well. Final factor would be the fact that English people interact socially different than Polish people. There are some typical issues showing that Polish would behave in another way that English person. English people try to be polite by saying: Hello, how are you ? to everyone while they are not even interested in a receivers answer. Polish person wouldnt try to make an impression on somebody that they are polite. The form and content of both nationalities say differ as well, and the reason for this, again would be nationality and the community you were born into. To recap, my examples have illustrated that a limited knowledge of language severely limits a persons world. The ones I have presented show that community we are born into shapes us and the way we behave. It makes us other from English people who have to decide on how they are going to behave and what are their values, on their own and without any help. I agree with Saphir Whorf hypothesis and I think that language we speak makes us who we are and what we do.